Pathologies Flashcards
(79 cards)
0
Q
Mumps virus
A
Paramyxovirus
1
Q
Mumps affects
A
Parotid a
2
Q
Gord stands for
A
Gastrin oesophageal reflux disease
3
Q
Causes gord
A
Dysfunction oesophageal sphincter H hernia Trigger foods Overweight Pregnancy
4
Q
Symptoms gord
A
Pain behind sternum
Heartburn
Worse bending lying down
Regurgitation food
5
Q
Complications gord
A
Ulcers cancer
6
Q
Differential diagnosis
A
Angina bulllimia
7
Q
Trigger foods gord
A
Fatty fried Spices Alcohol Caffeine Citrus Chocolate Tomatoes Garlic onions Fizzy drinks
Stress
8
Q
Symptoms hiatus hernia
A
Rarely has any
9
Q
Causes h hernia
A
Increased pressure abdomen
Lifting vomiting sneezing bending
Obesity smoking stress
10
Q
Complications h hernia
A
Can cause gord
11
Q
What is acute gastritis
A
Inflammation of stomach mucosa
12
Q
Symptoms acute gastritis
A
Dull pain
Worse with food intake
Vomiting
No appetite
13
Q
Complications acute gastritis
A
Bleeding
14
Q
Causes acute gastritis
A
Irritants
Alcohol
Drugs
Food poisoning
15
Q
Define chronic gastritis
A
Acute gastritis occurring for more than 4-6 weeks
16
Q
Causes chronic gastritis
A
Helicobactor pylori
Auto immune
Chronic irritation
17
Q
Symptoms chronic gastritis
A
Sometimes few Feeling full after meal Discomfort with heavy meals Megaloblastic/ pernicious or iron deficiency anaemia No appetite
18
Q
where could a peptic ulcer be
A
GIT - stomach duodenum, oesophagus
19
Q
which layers do peptic ulcer go down to
A
submucosa or muscle layer
20
Q
symptoms peptic ulcer
A
localised pain when stomach is EMPTY and at NIGHT burping nausea reaction to foods
21
Q
causes ulcer
A
NSAIDS Helicobactor pylori chronic gastritis allergies stress smoking
22
Q
medical treatment ulcers
A
antibiotics
antacids
23
Q
complications ulcer
A
bleeding causing aneamia
perforation - medical emergency
24
dysphagia
dificulty swallowing
25
what is appendicitis
inflame of appendix
26
symptoms appendicitis
```
pain in middle of abdomen
within hours pain travels to lower R side
rebound tenderness mcburney point
pale
guarding
sweating
fever
nausea
hypotension
sceptic shock
```
27
diagnosis appendicitis
ct scan
28
complications appendicitis
rupture - pain subsides
| peritonitis
29
dysentery what is
infection of intestines causing diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.
notifiable disease
30
symptoms dysentery
3 or more watery stooks a day
stomach cramps
nausea
vomiting
31
causes dysentery
usually bacterial infection
32
diagnosis dysentery
stool sample
33
complications dysentery
dehydration
34
which 2 diseases are IBD infamy bowel disease
crohns and ulcerative colitis
35
where does ulcerative colitis affect
only colon - ulcers develop
36
crohns disease affects where
entire GIT mouth - anus
| inflam of lining - all layers
37
symptoms of both crowns and ulcerative colitis
```
sporadic flare ups - vary
abdo pain (more crohns)
diarrhoea (sometimes bloody)
weight loss
extreme tiredness
anaemia
```
38
causes IBD
idiopathic
poss immune/hereditary
diet linked
39
diagnosis IBD
x ray
colonoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
biopsy
40
complications IBD
```
malnutrition
obstruction
malignancy
fistula
fissure
```
41
pattern of inflammation crhns/ulcerative colitis
patchy skip lesions crohns
| continuous ulcerative colitis
42
are granuloma common IBD
Crohns yse
| Ulcerative colitis no
43
are fistulas, fissures, abcesses common IBD
crowns yes,
| ulcerative colitis no
44
malabsorption common IBD?
crowns yes, ulcerative colitis no
45
stool difference IBD
crohns loose semi solid
| U C watery blood pus
46
what is IBS
common longterm condition - stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation
47
symptoms IBS
```
abdo pain, cramping relieved by passing a stool
diarrhoea
constipation
bloating
flatulence
mucus in stools
```
48
csauses IBS
problems digesting food
previos allergy
GIT infection
49
differential diagnosis ibs
Deverticulitis
| ibd
50
what happens in coeliac disease
body's immune system attacks its own mucosa tissue when gluten is eaten.
Small intestine
strips microvilli villi, causing atrophy
51
symptoms ceoliac
```
diarrhoea
bloating etc
weight loss
lethargy
kids not growing
steatorrhoea
mouth ulcers
depression
```
52
diagnosis ceoliac
blood test
| biopsy
53
steatorrhoea definition
fatty stools
54
longterm complications coeliac disease
osteoporosis
aneamia - iron, b9/12
bowel cancer
55
what is diverticulosis
presence of diverticula (small pouches) in colon bulging out through weeks spots
56
when does diverticulosis become diverticulitis
when diverticuli become inflamed/bleed
57
symptoms diverticulitis
bloating abdo pain, diarrhoea
fever
painless bleeding
58
causes diverticulosis/itis
low fibre
high abdo pressure
weak connective tissue
59
most common hernia -
inguinal - groin
60
what can hiatus hernia cause
GORD
61
what is acute pancreatitis
pancreas leaks activated enzymes leading to self digestion
62
symptoms acute pancreatitis
sudden extreme per-umbilical pain
nausea, vomiting, diarhoea
fever chills shock
emergency!
63
causes pancreatitis
alcohol (males mostly)
gall stones (females)
cancer
64
chronic pancreatitis definition
chromic inflame leading to permenant damage - scarring/cysts
may obstruct common bile duct
65
symptoms chronic pancreatitis
repeated severe abdo pain
| greasy foul smelling stools
66
causes pancreatitis chronic
longterm alcohol abuse
| autoimmune/idiopathic
67
diagnosis pancreatitis
u;ltrasound
| ct scan
68
complications chronic pancreatitis
diabetes
| pancreatic cancer
69
symptoms liver cirrhosis
```
initialy asymptomatic
tiredness, loss appetite, nausea
itchy skin, jaundice
vomiting blood, dark tarry stools
oedema, ascites
```
70
complications liver cirrhosis
jaundice
ascites
portal vein hypertension
oesophageal varices
71
cholelithiasis known as
gallstones
72
gallstones usually made of
cholesterol
73
symptoms gallstones
```
asypmtomatic
if traps - pain readiating under right shoulder
inflame of gall bladder
jaundice
temp
chills
gas
bloating
nausea
```
74
complications gallstones
```
acute cholecystitis
jaundice
acute cholangitis
acute pancreatitis
cancer
```
75
enterobiasis is
pin/thread worm
76
cryptosporidum/giardia cause
waterborne parasites
77
cryptosporidum/giardia symptoms
```
watery diarrhoea
abdo cramps
dehysration
nausea
vomiting
fever weight loss
```
78
cholangitis / cholecystitis definition
inflame of bile duct
