pathology

Question 1

can be caused by smoking, alcohol and anticinvulsants consupmtion in pregnancy is
and its the most common craniofacial anomaly

Answer 1

lip cleft and palatine cleft

Question 2

Oral lesions: “the first to show, and the last to go
happens in adults

happens in females more and more common
has a continuous line on IF

Answer 2

pemphigoid vulgaris

mucosal layer pemphogoid

Question 3

Sensory nerves > sensory or autonomic ganglia > latency > trigeminal nerve

KERATINIZED AND NON KERATINIZED oral mucosa

Answer 3

HSV

Question 4

broad spectrum antibiotics, steroids,
Xerostomia: drugs, radiotherapy, Sjögren syndrome
are all causes

Answer 4

candidiasis

Question 5

Dysplastic changes typically begin in the basilar and parabasilar portions of the epithelium

Answer 5

leukoplakia

Question 6

Paramyxovirus causes

Answer 6

mumps

Question 7

mumps usually effect —— glands

Answer 7

bilateral parotid glands

Question 8

Secondary to ductal obstruction by stones in the salivary glands
most common in —— glands

Answer 8

bacterial infections
unilateral mandibular

Question 9

Most common salivary gland tumor

Answer 9

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 10

Hyalinized change seen in

Answer 10

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Question 11

second most common benign parotid tumor

Answer 11

warthin tumor

Question 12

most common malignant salivary gland tumor

Answer 12

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 13

Uncommon protrusions of the mucosa &
submucosa into the esophageal lumen

Answer 13

Esophageal mucosal webs

Question 14

Etiology:
➔ Long-standing reflux esophagitis
➔ Chronic graft-versus-host disease
➔ Blistering skin diseases

Answer 14

Esophageal mucosal webs

Question 15

Plummer-Vinson (PV) syndrome triad is

Answer 15

iron deficiency
glossitis ( females)
web esophagus

Question 16

➔ Gastroesophageal reflux
➔ Scleroderma
➔ Radiation
➔ Caustic injury

seen in

Answer 16

esophagus stenosis

Question 17

clinical pic of esophagus stenosis is

Answer 17

Progressive dysphagia to solid then to fluids

Question 18

Primary achalasia cause

secondary aclashia cause

Answer 18

loss of inhibitory

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi): myeteric loss
Malignancy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
dorsal motor nuclei: Poliomyelitis, Autonomic neuropathy in DM

Question 19

✓ Near the midpoint of the esophagus
✓ Due to wall weakening in TB of mediastinal
LNs,

what diverticulum is this

Answer 19

triction diverticulum

Question 20

✓ Immediately above the LES
✓ Peristalsis dyscoordination & LES relaxation
what diverticulum is this

Answer 20

epiphrenic diverticulum

Question 21

clinical pic. of esophageal varies

Answer 21

starts when bleeding:
50% of patients stop bleeding alone
70% bleed again in 1st year

Question 22

most common cause of esopahgitis is:

Answer 22

GERD

Question 23

causes of GERD

Answer 23

• decrease effecay of anti reflux
  CNS depressants, prolonged intubations, alcohol and tobacoo
• delayed gastric. emptying

Question 24

barret dizs is found in
and looks

Answer 24

males and white
tougue, irregular band, patches

Question 25

complications of barret dizs

Answer 25

barret ulcer and stricture

Question 26

the cells seen in esophagus after barret dizs

Answer 26

Columnar epi. with goblet cells

Question 27

most common benign and malignant esophagus cancer:

Answer 27

leiomyoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Question 28

acute gastritis usually diffused but localized when:

Answer 28

NSAIDS

Question 29

The major etiologic associationsof chronic gastritis:

Answer 29

▪ Chronic infection by H. pylori (most important) ▪ Autoimmune: pernicious anemia ▪ Toxic: alcohol and cigarette smoking

Question 30

chronic gastritis effect on lining of stomach

Answer 30

lumpocyes are seen mucosal atrophy and gland loss neutrophils = severity

Question 31

Gastric MALT lymphoma: definitive etiologic role is

Answer 31

h. pylori

Question 32

Most common cause of chronic gastritis is

Answer 32

h. pylori

Question 33

2nd most common cause of peptic ulcer is

Answer 33

NSAIDS

Question 34

acute erosive gastritis acute gastric ulcerations peptic ulcer are all caused by

Answer 34

NSAIDS

Question 35

▪ ……..: relieved by alkalis or food (6-8 hours after meals) ▪ ……..: aggravated by food (1-3 hours after meal)

Answer 35

DU GU

Question 36

can ulcers cause iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

can ulcers cause obstruction?

Answer 37

yes! in pyloris

Question 38

carcinoid sun. happens in_____ and symptoms

Answer 38

neuroendocrine tumors metastasis to liver seratonin and histamine rush causing : branchospasim and diarrhea and flushing

Question 39

hereditary diffuse gastric cancer spread by:

Answer 39

1. ovaries : krukenberk 2. liver 3. supraclaciular LN : virchow node

Question 40

peutz jephars polyps cancers meta.

Answer 40

ovaries , uterus, cervix and breast

Question 41

Peutz-Jegher syndrome Multiple polyps in the small intestine (100%), colon (30%) & stomach (25%)

Question 42

tumors in proximal colon grow in and effect

Answer 42

exophytic masses but doesnt narrow the lumen bleeding causes IRON DEFICIENCY

Question 43

tumors in distal colon colon look like and cause:

Answer 43

napkin ring cosntrictions bleeding and pain

Question 44

most common location for a small intestine tumor is

Answer 44

ampulla of vater = junadice bening> malignant met> primary

Question 45

enterobius vermicularis causes

Answer 45

appendicitis

Question 46

Pseudomyxoma peritonei contains_____ and happens when

Answer 46

mucous and epithelium of tumor cells mucinous cystadenocardcinoma in appendix

Question 47

Mucocele is____ and happens in:

Answer 47

appendix lumen filled with mucus mucosal hyperplasia or true mucosal neoplasm