Patient Care, week 6: Evaluating And Meeting The Patients Neds

Question 1

What is I and O?

Answer 1

Input and output

Measured

Question 2

What do you do when patient says they are thirsty?

Answer 2

Check with the nurse. May be on I an O or NPO (nihil pro ora- nothing by mouth)

Question 3

When helping a patient with a bedpan…

Answer 3

• wash hands– use gloves
• use clean bedpan
• toilet tissue
• is bed pan cold?
• privacy!
• position bedpan under patient
• remove pan, discard contents, and put pan into appropriate place
• remove gloves and wash hands
• give patient wet wash cloth and clean towel to wash and dry hands

Question 4

When assisting a patient with a urinal…

Answer 4

• wash hands–wear gloves
• use clean urinal
• privacy!
• check for stones? How?
• discard contents, and place urinal in the location provided for soiled items
• remove gloves–wash hands
• give the patient a wash cloth and towel to dry their hands

Question 5

What is a symptom?

Answer 5

Symptoms are subjective signals and cannot be measured

Examples:
Pain
Coughing
Vertigo
Loss of appetite
Weakened condition
Nausea

Question 6

What are signs?

Answer 6

Objective signals

By examination, observation and tests

Examples:
Visual inspection
Lab tests
Palpation
Tapping
Auscultation

Question 7

Vital signs include

Answer 7

Temperature
Pulse
Oxygen level
Respiration
Blood pressure

Question 8

Vital signs indicate

Answer 8

• General health status
• Physiologically constant within normal range
• relative to sex, age, physical size, occupation, activity
• deviations can indicate a threat to patients safety

Question 9

Vital signs include…

Answer 9

• temperature
• pulse
• oxygen level
• respiration
• blood pressure

Question 10

What is temperature?

Answer 10

• balance of heat maintained between that which is produced from metabolism and that which is lost

Question 11

Body heat is normally lost through

Answer 11

Perspiration
Respiration
Elimination

Question 12

Deviations in temperature happen due to…

Answer 12

• time of day
• age
• menstrual cycle and pregnancy
• weight
• physical exercise
• injury
• disease

Question 13

What is fever?

Answer 13

Abnormal increase of body temperature; usually a sign of an infectious process

Known as pyrexia

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of fever

Answer 14

• increase of body temperature
• increased pulse rate
• increased respirations
• aching
• flushed, hot skin
• chills
• anorexia

Question 15

What is the normal temperature for the oral method of taking temperature?

Answer 15

98.6 F

37 C

Question 16

What is the normal temperature for the rectal method of temperature taking?

Answer 16

99.6 F

38 C

Question 17

What is the normal temperature for auxiliary method of temperature taking?

Answer 17

97. 6 F

36. 7 C

Question 18

What is the pulse?

Answer 18

Alternate contraction and expansion of the wall of an artery corresponding to heart beat

Question 19

What is the pulse affected by?

Answer 19

• sex
• age
• physical size
• weight
• activity
• disease process
• fever
• emotion

Question 20

What are the normal parameters when reading pulse?

Answer 20

• adult male: 60-70 BPM
• adult female: 65-80
* children: 110-130
• elderly: 50-60

Question 21

What are the characteristics or qualities of the pulse?

Answer 21

• amplitude: “force of pulse(volume)

• full(bounding)
• normal
• weak
• thready (feeble and rapid)
• rhythm: relative equality of the interval between beats
• regular vs irregular
• count irregular pulse for one full minute

Question 22

Pulse sites

Answer 22

• radial (most accessible)
• temporal
• carotid
• femoral
• apical
• pedal(arch of foot)
• popliteal
• brachial

Question 23

What is tachycardia?

Answer 23

> 100 BPM

Question 24

What is bradycardia?

Answer 24

<60 BPM

Question 25

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 25

Irregular pulse

Question 26

What is respiration

Answer 26

Exchange of gases (o2 and co2) between organism and environment

Purpose is to maintain adequate oxygenation of body cells

Terms; hypoxia, anoxia

Question 27

Characteristics of respiration

Answer 27

• normal: rhythmic and effortless
• respiration rate: 
  -adult male/female 12-16/min
  -child 30-50/min
• note: each inspiration and expiration counts as one respiration

Question 28

Influencing factors in respiration

Answer 28

• slow: CNS depression secondary to drugs, anesthesia, brain disease
• fast: pain, anxiety, fear, hypoxia, diabetic coma, brain tumors, activity

Question 29

What is blood pressure?

Answer 29

Force of pressure within arterial walls during each phase of cardiac action (represented as a fraction)

• purpose: aids in evaluation of circulatory status and fluid balance

Question 30

First phase of blood pressure

Answer 30

• systole (systolic)
• contraction of left ventricle
• greatest force on arterial walls

Question 31

Second phase of blood pressure

Answer 31

• diastole (diastolic)
• relaxation of the left ventricle
• least pressure on arterial walls

Question 32

Factors influencing BP

Answer 32

• time of day
• body position
• pathology
• gender
• age
• physical development

Question 33

Readings for BP

Answer 33

Normal adult range: 100-140/60-90

Children 90mm hg indicates hypertension; <50 may indicate shock

Question 34

Pulse oximetry normal values

Answer 34

Normal values: 95-100%

<95% means inadequate oxygen perfusion