Pavlov (1927)

Question 1

What did Pavlov’s study involve?

Answer 1

Involved re-routing dogs salivary gland to the outside of their cheek and attaching a test tube to collect their saliva for measurement

Question 2

What was the UCS in Pavlov’s study?

Answer 2

Food

Question 3

What was the UCR in Pavlov’s study?

Answer 3

Salivation from the UCS

Question 4

What was the NS in Pavlov’s study?

Answer 4

The bell

Question 5

What was the CS in Pavlov’s study?

Answer 5

The bell creating the CR

Question 6

What was the CR in Pavlov’s study?

Answer 6

Salivation from the CS

Question 7

Why did Pavlov use a metronome for in his study?

Answer 7

To assess the difference between the learned salivation response

Question 8

How did Pavlov begin the classical conditioning?

Answer 8

Began by introducing the ticking metronome just before he gave the dog food

This is called forward conditioning

Question 9

What happened after conditioning?

Answer 9

On hearing the metronome salivation started by 9 seconds and by 45 seconds, 11 drops of saliva had been collected

Question 10

What are the strengths of Pavlov?

Answer 10

Highly controlled environment

Reliable

Useful applications

Question 11

What are the weaknesses of Pavlov?

Answer 11

Validity

Generalisation

Brain measurements

Question 12

Why is a highly controlled environment a strength of Pavlov?

Answer 12

Pavlov found all extraneous stimuli could cause a response so he had to have many controls for noise, vision etc.

Makes his results objective and scientifically credible

Question 13

Why is reliability a strength of Pavlov?

Answer 13

Pavlov and his team did many repeats and variants of the experiement.

Therefore the experiement is reliable since he gained the same results

Question 14

Why is useful applications a strength of Pavlov?

Answer 14

Classical conditioing has been used in the treatment of alcoholism

Question 15

Why is brain measurements a weakness of Pavlov?

Answer 15

Pavlov didn’t have access to direct brain measurements and the mechanism he proposed we now know didn’t exist

Question 16

Why is validity a weakness of Pavlov?

Answer 16

Pavlov was concerned about the lack of working in a natural environment and thought his results were not perhaps valid because the setting was unnatural

Question 17

Why is generalisations a weakness of Pavlov?

Answer 17

The experiements were done on dogs. Pavlov linked his ideas to evolution and felt he could generalise to humans

We know that humans have relfexes like dogs but there are differences between humans and dogs