Sampling Techniques & Hypothesis Flashcards
What is opportunity sampling?
Using people available at the time of the study who fit your criteria
What are the strengths of opportunity sampling?
Less time consuming
What are the weaknesses of opportunity sampling?
Could lead to bias in the sample
What is random sampling?
Everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate
What are the strengths of random sampling?
Unbiased
What are the weaknesses of random sampling?
Could become self-selecting
What is volunteer sampling?
Where people become a participant after volunteering in response to an advert
What are the strengths of volunteer sampling?
Ethical - people have chosen to participate
What are the weaknesses of volunteer sampling?
Not representative of non-participants
What is stratified sampling?
Classifying the population into categories and then choosing a sample which consists of participants from each category in the same proportion as they are in the population
What are the strengths of stratified sampling?
Researcher chooses the categories
What are the weaknesses of stratified sampling?
Time-consuming
What is the target population?
Refers to the people the researchers want the findings to represent
What is a null hypothesis? Give an example
No difference
There will be no significant difference in reaction times measured in cms on a ruler drop test between participants who drink 500ml of coffee and participants who drink 500ml of water and any difference will be due to chance
What is a one-tailed hypothesis? Give an example
Predict the direction of the results
Participants who drink 500ml of coffee will have faster reactions measured by cms on a ruler drop test than participants who drink 500ml of water
