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DPT Spring 2024 > PCM- AD and Guarding > Flashcards

PCM- AD and Guarding Flashcards

1
Q

A tilt table is used when patients need to acclimate to a ________ position

A

upright

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2
Q

Tilt tables are elevated _________

Vital signs should be measured ______, ______, and _______

A

gradually

before, during, after

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3
Q

Parallel bars are used for _______ training, teaching specific ______ patterns, and support while measuring an ______

A

balance; gait; AD

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4
Q

With parallel bars, it is ____-____ degrees of ______ flexion w/ 2 inches wider than either ______ _______

A

20; 30
elbow
greater trochanter

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5
Q

With parallel bars, the top of the bar should be even with the ______ _______ or _______ crease in standing with UEs at sides

A

greater trochanter; wrist

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6
Q

________ ____s are devices that provide external support during gait training in an upright posture

A

Ambulatory AD

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7
Q

Major indications for use with ambulatory ADs:

__________ deformity, _______, injury, or disease resulting in ability to _____ weight through LEs

_______ deficits

A

structural

amputation

bear

balance

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8
Q

ADs help to increase a patient’s _______

A

BOS

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9
Q

ADs provide a method for ________ weight normally borne through LEs to UEs

A

redistributing

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10
Q

ADs help create an additional force that keeps the pelvis level in the face of ________ tendency to ______ the hip during a _______ stance

A

gravity’s

adduct

unilateral

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11
Q

With Trendelenburg gait, it is due to _____ or _______

A

weakness; pain

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12
Q

Tredelenburg gait is caused by large ______ moment due to natural placement of ______

A

adductor; COM

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13
Q

Patients compensate with Trendelenburg gait by leaning over to the _______ side, this _______ the adductor moment

A

weaker; decreases

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14
Q

Left to right describe the pictures of using a walker…?

A

Standard position of walker

Lifting walker

Placing walker out in front

Stepping into walker

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15
Q

Know this

A
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16
Q

More GRF creates what???

A

stress on the hip joint and can lead to pelvic drop

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17
Q

With cane’s force substitutes for the hip abductors:

Transmits part of the body _____ to the _____—-> which decreases the _______ force required for balancing

A

weight
ground
muscular

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18
Q

Know this

A
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19
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:
_______

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
- Decreased WB
- Distribution of force over larger surface area
- Improved joint stability

A

Pain

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20
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:
__________

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
- Increased BOS
- Redirection of the line of action of forces

A

Weakness

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21
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:
_________ ________

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
- Redirection of line of forces
- Stabilization of uninvolved joints

A

Limited PROM

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22
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:

_________ ________

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
Improved efficiency of movement

A

Decreased Endurance

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23
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:

_________ ________

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
Increased BOS

A

Balance deficits

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24
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:

_____ ______ ______

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
Increased BOS
Increased WB

A

Impaired Motor Control

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25
Q

Impairment or Functional Limitation:
_____ _____ ______

How ADs improve biomechanical function:
Increased BOS

A

Fear of Falling

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26
Q

Walkers provide a large degree of _______

A

stability

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27
Q

Walkers are for patients with:

Generalized _________
__________ conditions
Need to reduce _____ in one or both LEs
Poor ________/________
Inability to use ________

A

weakness
Debilitating
WB
balance; coordination
crutches

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28
Q

Axillary crutuches:

Provide ________ stability

Requires more ________ than walkers

Takes substantial amount of ______

A

moderate

coordination

energy

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29
Q

Axillary crutches are chosen for patients with:

__________ in one or both LEs
Impaired _________
Need for _______ support
Permits ____-____% WBing support

A

Weakness
balance
trunk
80; 100

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30
Q

Foreram (Lofstrand) Crutches provide more ______ of movement but less _____ support than axillary crutches

A

ease
trunk

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31
Q

Foreram (Lofstrand) Crutches

Frees ______ without having to drop the crutch

A

hands

32
Q

Canes are chosen for pts with:

_______ LE weakness
Require slight WB _______
Impaired _________

A

Minimal
reduction
balance

33
Q

Quad canes:

Used by patients with limited or no use of _______ as with hemiparesis

Slightly _______

Has _____ points on the ground

A

UEs

heavier

4

34
Q

________ is the status of the involved LE not to be WB touching the floor

A

NWB

35
Q

_______ is the status of the patient being able to rest toes on the floor for balance, but cannot WB

A

TTWB

36
Q

________ is the status for limited amount of WB tolerated; EX: 25% WB

A

PWB

37
Q

_______ is the status of the patient being allowed to place as much or as little weight through the involved LE depending on tolerance

A

WBAT

38
Q

Which device is the most stable of the unilateral devices?

A

hemi walker

39
Q

Most to least stable of walkers?…

A

Standard
Rolling/Front Wheeled/2 Wheeled
Rollator or 4 Wheeled Walker

40
Q

ADs for stability —–> mobility?

A

parallel bars
walker
B axillary crutches
B FA crutches
B canes
Hemiwalker
Quad Cane
Single-point cane

41
Q

Parallel bars and walkers are good for increased _______

A

BOS

42
Q

PWB is good for which ADs? (3)

A

Parallel bars
Walkers
B crutches

43
Q

NWB and TTWB is good for which ADs? (3)

A

Parallel bars, walkers, and B crutches

44
Q

WBAT is good for which ADs? (3)

A

Parallel bars
Hemiwalkers
Single point cane or crutch

45
Q

Improper fit of AD will lead to:

Decreased _____
Decreased ______
Decreased ______
Increased ________ expenditure

A

Stability
Function
Safety
energy

46
Q

Fitting a walker:

Determined in _____ or ______
Shoes ______ be worn
Hand grip at the level of pt’s:
______ crease
______ styloid process
greater _________

A

standing; supine
should
wrist
ulnar
trochanter

47
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

If you know the height…. multiply by ____% or subtract _____ inches from height

Resulting measurement is theoretically the overall ______ length

A

77; 16

crutch

48
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

PT in supine- Use a tape measure to measure the distance from the ______ fold to ___-_____ inches lateral to heel

A

axillary
6; 8

49
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

Pt in seated- UEs _____ at shoulder level

One ______ extended, one flexed to _____ degrees

Measure distance between ______ finger of extended ______ and ______ process of flexed elbow

A

abducted

elbow

90

middle
elbow
olecranon

50
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

Fit confirmed with patient in standing-
Tips should be positioned ____ inches laterally and ___-____ inches anterior to toes of shoes

A

2
4; 6

51
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

Hand piece height:
Patient in supine- from _____ _________, _____ crease, or ______ styloid process to heel of shoe

A

greater trochanter
wrist
ulnar

52
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

Hand piece height:
Alternate method- From _____ axillary fold to _____ trochanter or ______ styloid process

Use this to measure from axillary _____ to the hand _____

A

anterior
greater
ulnar

rest
piece

53
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

When crutches are in tripod position:
Pt. should have approx ___-____ degrees elbow flexion with relaxed shoulders

______ fingerbreadths should be present between _____ rest and ______ for the axilla

A

20; 30
2
axillary
bottom

54
Q

Fitting canes can be determined in standing or supine:

Standing:
Place cane parallel to _____ and ______ with foot of the cane on the ______ or at the bottom of the heel of shoe

Hand piece should reach _____ crease, ______ ______, or ______ styloid process

A

femur; tibia

wrist
greater trochanter
ulnar

55
Q

Fitting canes can be determined in standing or supine:

Supine:
Use a tape measure to measure from the ______ ______ to heel with hip and _____ straight

A

greater trochanter
knee

56
Q

Fitting canes can be determined in standing or supine:

Fit confirmed with patient in standing:
Tips should be positioned ____ inches laterally and __-___ inches anterior to toe of shoes

A

2
4; 6

57
Q

Fitting forearm crutches:

Same as _____ measurement for height and handpiece

Forearm cuff- top of the cuff should be ___-_____ inches distal to the ______ process when the pt. grasps the hand piece with _____ in neutral

A

cane

1; 1.5
olecranon
wrist

58
Q

Fitting forearm crutches:

Fit confirmed w/ pt in standing
Tips should be positioned ___ inches laterally and __-___ inches anterior to toe of shoes

A

2
4; 6

59
Q

When guarding, you should stand slightly to _____ _______ and _______ the patient

A

one side
behind

60
Q

When guarding in _____ stance:

The ______ foot should be ______ the assistive device and the patient’s foot; other foot _____ when you walk

A

stride
outside
behind
trails

61
Q

When guarding, you want to stand on the side where the patient is most likely to ______

A

fall

62
Q

With guarding, there should be a ______ grip with gait belt and other hand on the patient’s _____ or ________

A

underhand
shoulder
chest

63
Q

With guarding and a underhand grip, you want which muscles engaged?

A

biceps
triceps
pecs

64
Q

With guarding on level surfaces:

Stand behind patient and slightly to ______ side

One hand on gait belt with ________ grip

Other hand resting on patient’s _______

A

weaker
supinated
shoulder

65
Q

With guarding on level surfaces, the PT’s stance should be staggered: ________/________

A

anterior
posterior

66
Q

With guarding on level surfaces, advance the ______ foot with assitive device and the trailing foot moves when the _____ moves

A

front
PT

67
Q

Guarding during LOB:
Balance lost forward

  • Pull ______ on gait belt
  • Other hand pulls trunk _____ and ______
  • May need to push forward on ______ as pull back on the trunk
A

back
upward; back
pelvis

68
Q

Guarding during LOB:
Balance lost backward

  • Push ______ on pelvis and trunk
A

forward

69
Q

Guarding during LOB:
Balance lost to one side (away from PT)

  • Pull gait belt towards ______
A

you

70
Q

Guarding during LOB:
Balance lost to one side (towards PT)

  • Turn _____ so that you face patient’s side
  • Widen ______
  • Use body to ______ patient
A

body
BOS
support

71
Q

Guarding during LOB and can’t control fall:
Balance lost forward:

Instruct patient to let go of _____

Firmly, but slowly, pull ______ on gait belt and avoid excessive ______

Step ______ with _______ foot to control descent

If possible, instruct patient to cushion fall by ______ elbows and _______ to one side

Instruct patient to turn ______ to one side and avoid injury to ______

A

AD

back

force

forward

outside

bending

rolling

head

face

72
Q

Guarding during LOB:
You’re not trying to stop the fall, but instead _______ it down to give enough ______ for important structures to be __________

A

slow
time
protected

73
Q

When choosing an AD, you should match the _____ and ______ of the patient with the qualities of the device

A

needs; abilities

74
Q
A
74
Q
A

DPT Spring 2024 (30 decks)

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