PE - Musculo-skeletal system, Levers Flashcards
(24 cards)
Learn the diagram for all the muscles in the body?
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Learn the diagram for all the bones in the body?
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What are the two types of muscle contraction?
Isotonic - these occur when a muscle contracts and changes length and there are two types
Isometric - this involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same length. This occurs when the body is fixed in one position.
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
Concentric - this involves the muscle shortening. The origin and insertion of the muscle move closer together and the muscle becomes fatter.
Eccentric - this involves the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension. The origin and the insertion move further away from each other.
Fin examples of all types of muscle contractions.
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True or false? Ligaments attach muscles to bones?
False - Ligaments attach bone to bone and tendons attach muscles to bones.
What are the skeletons 6 main functions?
- Movement
- Support
- Protection
- Production of blood cells
- Mineral storage
- Structural shape
What is a joint?
A place where two or more bones meet.
What does synovial fluid do for a joint?
It lubricates the joint so it moves smoothly.
How does cartilage help a joint?
Cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends.
The bursae also helps prevent friction
Learn the synovial joint diagram on bbc bitesize.
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What are the two types of synovial joints?
Hinge joints and ball and socket joints
What are the four types of bone?
- Short
- Long
- Flat
- Irregular
What are all the types of movements?
Circumduction
Rotation
Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
Extension
Plantar-flexion
Dorsi-flexion
What does each type of bone do for the body?
Flat bones - Protection for vital organs
Irregular - Specifically shaped to give us support and structure
Short - Fine movements and weight bearing
Long - Enable larger movements, act as levers and allows blood cell production.
What is the pneumonic for the first, second and third class levers?
1,2,3 FLE
In a first class lever system, the fulcrum is in the middle
In second class lever system, the load is in the middle
In a third class lever system, the effort is in the middle
What’s the calculation for a mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm/resistance arm
When does a mechanical advantage occur?
When the effort arm is longer than the load arm.
When does a mechanical disadvantage occur?
When the load arm is longer than the effort arm.
During flexion and extension, what is the axis and what is the plane?
Plane - Sagittal
Axis - Transverse
Sport movement - Tucked and piked somersaults
During abduction and adduction, what is the axis and what is the plane?
Plane - Frontal
Axis - Sagittal
Sport movement - Cartwheel
During rotation, what is the axis and what is the plane?
Plane - Transverse
Axis - Longitudinal
Sport movement - Full twist jump
What does each of the planes divide the body into to?
- Sagittal
- Frontal
- Transverse
Sagittal - divides the body into left and right
Frontal - divides the body into front and back
Transverse - divides the body into upper and lower
