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Gross Anatomy 2 > Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What bones make up the glenohumeral joint and pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula
Humerus
Clavicle

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2
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Corocoid process of the scapula

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3
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Acromion process of scapula

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4
Q

What is shown and what makes this groove?

A

The bicipital groove of the humerus

Created by the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is highlighted and what muscle attaches here?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid muscle inserts here

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6
Q

Within the upper limb, what are some basic rules for movements at a joint depending on where the muscle passes over?

A
  • If a muscle/tendon passes over anterior surface it will flex the joint, but if it crosses posterior it will extend
  • If it crosses the medial surface it will adduct it whereas if it crosses the lateral surface it will abduct
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7
Q

What structures are highlighted here?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments
Superior, middle and inferior ligaments
Pass from lesser tubercle of humerus to the edges of the glenoid cavity

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8
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament run?

A

Passes from the greater tubercle of the humerus to the coracoid process of the scapula

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9
Q

What is A highlighting and what does it do?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

Hold the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii in place as it passes through the bicepital groove

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10
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Acromioclavicular

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11
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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12
Q

What ligament is shown and what 2 parts does it have?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

Conoid and trapezoid parts

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13
Q

What are the 2 anatomical spaces associated with the muscles attached to posterior aspect of scapula?

A

Quadrangular space

Triangular space

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14
Q

Describe the quadrangular space and what passes through it

A

Superior border - Teres minor
Inferior border - Terese major
Medial - Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral - Humerus

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass through

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15
Q

Describe the triangular space and what passes through it?

A

Superior border - Teres major
Medial - Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral - Humerus

Radial nerve and deep brachiial artery run through

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16
Q

What is the blood supply for the scapular anastamosis?

A

Branches of the subclavian

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17
Q

Describe the origins of the subclavian arteries

A

Right subclavian is a branch of brachiocephalic trunk

Left subclavian is a direct branch of aorta

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18
Q

What does the subclavian artery become?

A

Becomes axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle and over the surface of the first rib

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19
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Pectoralis major

Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral (C5-7) pectoral nerves

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20
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A

Clavicle, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6, and sternum to the outer lip of the bicepital groove of the humerus

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21
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

Flexion and adduction of the arm and medial rotation of the humerus

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22
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Pectoralis minor

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3,4,5 to the coracoid process of scapula

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24
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis minor?

A

Pulls shoulder anterior and inferior, or can elevate ribs if shoulder is fixed

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25
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Serratus anterior | Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)
26
What are the attachments of serratus anterior?
Outer surface of upper 8 ribs to the medial border of scapula
27
What is the action of serratus anterior?
Protraction of scapula
28
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Trapezius Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor Cervical plexus C3,4 for sensory
29
What are the attachments of the trapzius?
Superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12, to the lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
30
What are the actions of the trapezius?
Ascending part- depresses scapula Transverse part - retracts scapula Descending part - elevates scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity
31
What is this muscle and its innervation?
``` Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) ```
32
What is the action of latissimus dorsi?
Extension, medial rotation and abduction of the arm | Climbing and chin ups
33
What are the attachments of latisimus dorsi?
Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae to the floor of the bicepital groove of the humerus
34
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Levator scapulae | Direct C3, 4 and 5 via the dorsal scapular nerve
35
What are the attachments of levator scapuli?
Transverse process of atlas and axis, C3 and 4 to the medial scapular border between the superior angle and medial end of scapular line
36
What is the actions of levator scapulae?
Helps to control scapular position, elvates shoulder with the trapezius, and with the shoulder fixed it can laterally flex the neck to the same side
37
What are the attachments of the rhomboids?
Major- thoracic spines 2-5 to the medial border of the scapula Minor - nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spines to the medial end of the scapula
38
What is the role of the rhomboids?
Retraction of the scapula
39
What is the innervation of the rhomboids?
Dorsal scapular nerve C4-5
40
What muscle is this and what is its innervation?
``` Deltoid Axillary nerve (C5,6) from posterior cord of brachial plexus ```
41
What are the attachments of the deltoid?
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of humerus
42
What is the actions of the deltoid?
Abduction of arm from 10-110, mostly middle fibres Extension and lateral rotation of arms from posterior fibres Flexion and medial rotation of arms from anterior fibres
43
What muscle is this and what is its innervation?
Teres major | Subscapular branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus (lower C5-6)
44
What is the action of teres major?
Adduction and medial rotation of arm
45
What are the attachments of teres major?
Lateral border of scapula (lower 1/3 posterior) to the medial lip of bicepital groove of humerus
46
What muscle is this and what is its innervation?
Subclavius | Nerve to subclavius (C5,6)
47
What is the action of the subclavius?
Draws clavicle down and slightly forwards during abduction
48
What are the attachments of the of the subclavius?
Sternal end of 1st rib to the middle third of the underside of clavicle
49
What is the rotator cuff?
A group of 4 muscles that help to keep the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula Helps to prevent dislocation
50
What is the most common direction for shoulder dislocation?
Antero-inferior direction
51
What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?
Subscapularis | Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7) from posterior cord of brachial plexus
52
What is the action of the subscapularis?
Medially rotates the arm
53
What are the attachments of the subscapularis?
Subscapular fossa on the anterior fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
54
What is the muscle shown and what is its innervation?
``` Supraspinatous Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from superior trunk of brachial plexus ```
55
What is the action of the supraspinatous?
Abducts the arm the first 10-15 degrees
56
Where does the supraspinatous attach?
Supraspinatous fossa on the posterior aspect of the scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (upper facet)
57
What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?
``` Infraspinatous Suprascapular nerves (C5,6) from superior branch of the brachial plexus ```
58
What is the action of the infraspinatous?
Lateral rotation of the arm
59
What are the attachments of the infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of posterior scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
60
What is the muscle shown and what is its innervation?
``` Teres minor Axillary nerve (C5,6) branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus ```
61
What is the action of the teres minor?
Lateral rotation of the arm
62
What are the attachments of teres minor?
Upper 2/3rds lateral border of scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (lower facet)
63
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis Supraspinatous Infraspinatous Teres minor

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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