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Gross Anatomy 2 > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What classification of joint are the carpometacarpal joints?

A

Thumb - Synovial saddle

Digits - Synovial plane

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2
Q

What movement does the saddle joint of the thumb allow?

A

Opposition

Unique to humans and forms the basis for precision grips

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3
Q

What joint classification are the metacarpalphalangeal joints and what movements occur here?

A

Synovial condyloid

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and a small degree of circumduction

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4
Q

What joint classification are the interphalangeal joints and what movements are seen?

A

Synovial hinge

Flexion and extension

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5
Q

What muscle is shown and what is its innervation?

A

Palmaris Brevis

Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

What is the role of the palmaris brevis muscle?

A

Tightens the palmar aponeurosis to enhance grip

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7
Q

What are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Intrinsic = muscles entirely within the hand 
Extrinsic = muscles that enter the hand from the forearm
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8
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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9
Q

What is the muscle and its innervation?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Recurrent branch of median nerve
(Ulnar in some texts)

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10
Q

What are the attachments of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum, capitate and trapezium

To base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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11
Q

What movement does flexor pollicis brevis carry out?

A

Flexion of the thumb CMC

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12
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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13
Q

What are the attachments of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Scaphoid and Trapezium

To base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

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14
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Thumb CMC abduction

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15
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Opponens pollicis

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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16
Q

What are the attachments of opponens pollicis?

A

Trapezium to the 1st metacarpal

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17
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

Opposition of CMC of thumb

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18
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Adductor Pollicis

Ulnar nerve

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19
Q

What are the attachments of adductor pollicis?

A

Transverse head from 3rd metacarpal
Oblique head from 2nd/3rd metacarpals
To base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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20
Q

What are the movements of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of CMC joint of thumb

Flexion of MCP of thumb

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21
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

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22
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

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A 
Abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve (deep)
23
Q

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

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A

Pisiform bone

To base of 5th proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion

24
Q

What are the actions of abductor digiti minimi?

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A

Abduction and flexion of MCP joint little finger

25
What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?
``` Flexor digiti minimi Ulnar nerve (deep) ```
26
What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi?
Hamate and flexor retinaculum | To base of 5th proximal phalanx
27
What are the actions of flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of little finger MCP joint
28
What is the muscle and its innervation?
``` Opponens digiti minimi Ulnar nerve (deep) ```
29
What are the attachments of opponens digiti minimi?
Hamate and flexor retinaculum | To 5th metacarpal
30
What are the actions of opponens digiti minimi?
Weak opposition of little finger
31
What is the name of these muscles?
Lumbricles
32
Where do the lumbricles originate from?
The tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
33
What are the shapes of the lumbricles?
1st (index) and 2nd (middle) = unipenate | 3rd (ring) and 4th (little) = bipennate
34
Where do the lumbricles insert?
The dorsal digital expansion
35
What are the actions of the lumbricles?
MCP joint flexion IP joint extension (digits 2-4)
36
What is the innervation of the lumbricles?
1st and 2nd= Median nerve (digital branch) | 3rd and 4th= ulnar nerve (deep branch)
37
What are the muscles shown and what is their innervation?
``` Palmar interossei Ulnar nerve (deep branch) ```
38
What are the attachments of the palmar interossei?
Base of proximal phalanxes and digital expansions
39
What are the actions of the palmar interossei?
Adduction towards the middle finger | flexion of MCP and extension of IP
40
What muscles are shown and what is their innervation?
``` Dorsal interossei Ulnar nerve (deep) ```
41
What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Abduction | MCP flexion and IP extension
42
What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?
From the sides of 2 adjacent metacarpals | e.g. the first dorsal interossei originates from 1st and 2nd metacarpals
43
What are the insertions of the dorsal interossei?
Proximal phalanxes and digital expansions
44
What arteries supply the hand?
Radial and ulnar | Anastomose to supply the hand
45
Describe the arterial arches of the hand
Superficial arch is mostly formed by the ulnar artery | Deep arch is mostly formed by the radial
46
Why do the digital branches of the arteries lie on the lateral aspects of the digits?
To prevent damage to the vessels during flexion and extension of the digits
47
In relation to the carpal tunnel, where does the ulnar artery lie?
Crosses to the wrist above the carpal tunnel
48
On the floor of which anatomical structure does the radial artery lie?
The anatomical snuffbox
49
Describe the path taken by the radial artery from the forearm to hand
Passes through the anatomical snuffbox (over scaphoid and trapezium) into the hand Passes between the heads of adductor pollicis to anastamose with the ulnar artery
50
What is the largest arterial vessel to the thumb and from what artery does it arise?
Princeps Pollicis | Arises from the radial artery
51
What is the clinical significance of the thenar and hypothenar spaces of the hand?
Can be important in tracking infection across the palm of the hand
52
What nerve dominates the lateral side of the hand?
Median nerve
53
What nerve dominates the medial side of the hand?
Ulnar

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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