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FINALS: CMCR > Pediatric Respiratory Disorders Reviewer > Flashcards

Pediatric Respiratory Disorders Reviewer Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is choanal atresia?

A

A congenital blockage of the nasal passage.

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2
Q

What is the pathognomonic sign of choanal atresia?

A

Cyanosis relieved by crying.

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3
Q

How is choanal atresia treated?

A

Surgical repair and airway support.

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4
Q

What are key nursing interventions for choanal atresia?

A

Positioning, ensuring airway patency, and feeding support.

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5
Q

What is acute nasopharyngitis?

A

A viral infection of the nose and throat (common cold).

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6
Q

What is the treatment for acute nasopharyngitis?

A

Supportive care with fluids, antipyretics, and nasal saline.

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7
Q

What nursing interventions are used for acute nasopharyngitis?

A

Rest, fluids, bulb suction, and humidified air.

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8
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nosebleed due to bleeding from nasal vessels.

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9
Q

How is epistaxis managed?

A

Pinch the nose, lean forward; cauterize if needed.

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10
Q

What are nursing actions for epistaxis?

A

Calm the child, keep upright, apply pressure.

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11
Q

What is viral pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the pharynx due to a virus.

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12
Q

What is the treatment for viral pharyngitis?

A

Supportive: fluids, antipyretics, and rest.

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13
Q

What is streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)?

A

Bacterial infection of the pharynx.

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14
Q

What are pathognomonic signs of strep throat?

A

Strawberry tongue and sandpaper rash.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for strep throat?

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin.

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16
Q

What nursing care is needed for strep throat?

A

Use droplet precautions and ensure full antibiotic course.

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17
Q

What is a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Pus-filled infection behind the pharynx.

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17
Q

What signs indicate a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Neck stiffness and muffled voice.

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18
Q

How is a retropharyngeal abscess treated?

A

IV antibiotics and surgical drainage.

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19
Q

What are nursing priorities for retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Airway monitoring, elevate HOB, maintain IV access.

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20
Q

What is sinusitis (rhinosinusitis)?

A

Infection of the sinuses.

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20
Q

What nursing care helps with sinusitis?

A

Steam inhalation and drainage promotion.

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20
Q

What is laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx.

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21
Q

What is the treatment for sinusitis?

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate and nasal saline.

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21
What is a key symptom of laryngitis?
Hoarseness.
22
What is the treatment for laryngitis?
Voice rest and humidified air.
23
Floppy trachea causing airway collapse.
tracheomalacia
24
What are symptoms of tracheomalacia?
Barking cough and stridor with crying.
25
What is the treatment for tracheomalacia?
What is the treatment for tracheomalacia?
26
What are signs of croup?
Barking cough and inspiratory stridor.
26
What is croup (LTB)?
Viral inflammation of the larynx and trachea.
26
What is the treatment for croup?
Nebulized epinephrine and dexamethasone.
27
What are hallmark signs of epiglottitis?
Tripod position, drooling, and dysphagia.
27
What is epiglottitis?
Hib infection causing inflamed epiglottis.
28
How is epiglottitis treated?
IV antibiotics (ceftriaxone) and airway intubation.
29
What nursing action is contraindicated in epiglottitis?
Do not examine the throat
30
What is aspiration?
Entry of food or liquid into the airway.
31
What are signs of aspiration?
Coughing and choking during feeding.
32
How is aspiration treated?
Suctioning, oxygen, and treating the cause.
33
What is bronchial obstruction?
Blockage in a bronchus by foreign body or mucus.
33
What is the treatment for bronchial obstruction?
Bronchoscopy.
33
What are signs of bronchial obstruction?
Localized wheeze and decreased breath sounds.
34
What is influenza (flu)?
Contagious viral respiratory infection.
34
What is the treatment for influenza?
Oseltamivir (if early), antipyretics, fluids.
34
What are signs of influenza?
Sudden onset fever and myalgia.
34
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of bronchial tubes.
35
What is the main symptom of bronchitis?
Productive cough
36
What is the treatment for bronchitis?
Supportive care; bronchodilators if wheezing.
37
What is bronchiolitis?
Inflammation of bronchioles due to RSV.
38
What are signs of bronchiolitis?
Wheezing and nasal flaring.
39
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
Humidified O₂, suction, bronchodilators.
39
What is atelectasis?
Collapsed lung tissue.
39
What is a sign of atelectasis?
Decreased breath sounds over affected area.
39
How is atelectasis treated?
Chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry.
39
What is pneumothorax?
What is pneumothorax?
39
What is a sign of tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation.
40
How is pneumothorax treated?
Needle decompression and chest tube.
40
What is pneumonia?
Lung inflammation due to infection.
40
What are signs of pneumonia?
Crackles and egophony.
40
What is the treatment for pneumonia?
Amoxicillin, antipyretics, and oxygen.
40
What is cystic fibrosis (pancreatic)?
Thick mucus blocks pancreatic ducts.
41
What are symptoms of pancreatic CF?
Greasy, bulky stools.
42
What is the treatment for pancreatic CF?
Pancreatic enzymes with meals and high-calorie diet.
43
What is cystic fibrosis (lung)?
Mucus buildup in lungs causing persistent cough
44
What is the treatment for lung CF?
Airway clearance and bronchodilators.
45
What is cystic fibrosis (sweat gland)?
Excess salt in sweat due to gene defect.
46
What is a symptom of sweat gland CF?
Salty-tasting skin.
47
What is the treatment for sweat gland CF?
Salt supplements and hydration.

FINALS: CMCR (5 decks)

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