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USMLE Step 2 > Pediatrics: Pediatric Rashes > Flashcards

Pediatrics: Pediatric Rashes Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is Impetigo

A

Superficial Bacterial Skin Infection

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2
Q

How does Impetigo present

A

Macules, Papules, rupture, erosions

Honey Colored crust

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3
Q

What is the most common form of Impetigo

A

Impetigo Contagios (Non-bullous)

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4
Q

What area does non-bullous impetigo most commonly present

A

Face and extremities

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5
Q

What bug most often causes non-bullous impetigo

A

S. Aureus
-also B-hemolytic Strep pyogenes

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6
Q

How do you treat Non-bullous Impetigo

A

Antibiotics

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7
Q

What antibiotic is used for limited non-bullous impetigo

A

Topical Mupirocin

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8
Q

What antibiotic is used for extensive Non-bullous impetigo

A

Dixloxacillin or Cephalexin

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9
Q

When can a child with non-bullous impetigo return to school

A

24 hours after starting treatment

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10
Q

What area does Bullous Impetigo most often involve

A

the trunk

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11
Q

What bug most commonly causes Bullous Impetigo

A

S. Aureus

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12
Q

What is Ecthyma

A

Crusted sores with ulcers

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13
Q

What is a Morbilliform Rash

A

Diffuse Maculopapular rash

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14
Q

What is a Macule

A

Flat lesion <1cm

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15
Q

What is a papule

A

raised lesion <1cm

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of a Morbilliform rash in adults

A

drug reaction

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of a morbilliform rash in children

A

Viral Infection
-Roseola
-Measles
-Rubella

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18
Q

How does Roseola Infantum present

A

5 days of high fever with rash developing once fever breaks

may develop febrile seizures

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19
Q

How to treat Roseola Infantum

A

Benign, Self-limited

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20
Q

When is a child with Roseola Infantum no longer contagious

A

When afebrile for 24 hours

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21
Q

What is another name for Measles

A

Rubeola

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22
Q

How is the Measles virus spread

A

RNA viral infection spread through respiratory/airborne

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23
Q

What features are associated with Measles

A

Prodrome 2 days to 1 week

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24
Q

What are the features of the prodrome associated with measles

A

Fever (up to 104F)

3 C’s
-cough
-coryza
-conjunctivitis

Koplik Spots
-small white lesions in mouth

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25
What is the timing in relation to the exanthem in measles
Koplik spots appear first
26
When does the rash present in measles
Days after the onset of fever as a classic maculopapular rash
27
How does the rash present in Measles
Starts at the head Spreads to the feet
28
What complications are associated with Measles (rubeola)
Diarrhea most common Otitis Media Pneumonia Encephalitis Acute Disseminated Encaphalomyelitis Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (years)
29
What vitamin deficiency can prolong Measles Infection
Vitamin A
30
What is another name for Rubella
German Measles 3-day measles
31
How is Rubella spread
Inhalation of Respiratory Droplets
32
What are the clinical features of Rubella
Mild, low-fever Maculopapular rash Characteristic Lymphadenopathy
33
When does the rash present in Rubella
1-5 days after fever
34
How does the rash present in Rubella
Starts on Face Spread to trunk and extremities
35
What is the characteristic Lymphadenopathy in Rubella
posterior cervical posterior auricular
36
What is a complication of Rubella
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
37
How does Scarlet Fever present
Rash following pharyngitis
38
what causes the rash in Scarlet Fever
S. Pyogenes Erythrogenic Toxin
39
What is the clinical presentation of Scarlet Fever
Fever, sore throat diffuse red rash Many small papules -sandpaper skin Straweberry tongue
40
How does the rash present in scarlet fever
Starts on the head/neck Expands to cover the trunk Spares palms and soles
41
What is Parvovirus
ssDNA virus
42
What syndromes are associated with Parvovirus
Fifth disease in children Arthritis in adults Aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia Hydrops Fetalis
43
What is another name for 5th disease
Erythema Infectiosum
44
How does 5th disease present
Fever, runny nose rash
45
When does the rash present in 5th disease
a Few days after fever and runny nose
46
How does the rash present in 5th disease
Cheeks look like they have been slapped Often spreads to trunk and limbs
47
What causes contact dermatitis
Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction
48
How does contact dermatitis present
Erythematous Papules and vesicles Oozing Pruritus
49
How to treat Contact Dermatitis
Topical or PO corticosteroids
50
What Causes Diaper rash
Contact dermatitis from moist environment irritating the skin
51
How does diaper rash present
Erythematous patches sparing the inguinal creases
52
How to diagnose Diaper Rash
Clinical diagnosis
53
How to treat Diaper Rash
maintain clean skin Topical barriers/ointments
54
How does Candida Rash present
Beefy red plaques Satellite Papules Involves the skin folds
55
How to diagnose Candida Rash
Clinical or KOH Prep
56
How is Molluscum Contagiosum Spread
skin to skin contact
57
How does Molluscum Contagiosum present
Firm, dome shaped papules Central umbilication/indentation
58
How to treat Molluscum Contagiosum
Resolves over wks/months Optional -Cryotherapy -Curettage -Cantharidin
59
What causes Chickenpox
Primary Varicella Zoster Infection
60
How does chickenpox present
Prodrome: fever, malaise or pharyngitis
61
How does the rash present in chickenpox
Macules, papules, vesicles lesions develop pus and crust over Lesions in different stages
62
How to treat Chickenpox
Valacyclovir or Acyclovir
63
When is chickenpox no longer contagious
When lesions have crusted
64
What is Acne
Inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands
65
What bacterial is associated with Acne
Propionibacterium Acnes -anaerobic -part of normal skin flora
66
What are comedones
Small, flesh-colored papules
67
What is an open comedones
blackhead
68
What is a closed comedome
covered by skin Whitehead
69
Treatment options for Acne
Benzoyl Peroxide Abx OCP Retinoids
70
How does Topical Benzoyl peroxide treat acne
Comedolytic -breaks down keratin -unblocks pores Bactericidal to P. Acnes
71
What Abx are used for acne
Clindamycin and Erythromycin
72
What OCPs are used for acne
Progestins -antiandrogen
73
What are reintoids
Vitamin A derivatives
74
How does Isotretinoin work
decreases keratin production in follicles -less follicular occlusion PO or Topical
75
What must be done before using Isotretinoin
OCP and pregnancy tests

USMLE Step 2 (39 decks)

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