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USMLE Step 2 > Pediatrics: Vaccination > Flashcards

Pediatrics: Vaccination Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is a toxoid vaccine

A

Chemically modified protein toxin that cannot cause infection

Elicits a strong immune response

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2
Q

What are 2 examples of Toxoid vaccines

A

Tetanus

Diphtheria

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3
Q

What is a conjugate vaccine

A

Bacterial Polysaccharide conjugated to a protein

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4
Q

What is an example of a conjugate vaccine

A

Hemophilus Influenza Type B

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5
Q

What is a killed (inactivated) Vaccine

A

Virus is killed by a chemical so replication is not possible

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6
Q

What are 4 examples of Killed (inactivated) vaccines

A

Polio

Hepatitis A

Influenza (Shot)

Rabies

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7
Q

What special population can Killed (inactivated) vaccines be used in

A

Immunocompromised patients

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8
Q

What is a live, attenuated vaccine

A

Weakened virus that replicates poorly inside the body

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9
Q

What are 3 examples of live, attenuated vaccines

A

MMR

Varicella

Rotavirus

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10
Q

What do you need to keep in mind with live attenuated vaccines

A

they cannot be used in
-immunocompromised
-Pregnancy

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11
Q

What is the major contraindication to childhood vaccines

A

Prior severe allergic reaction to vaccine

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12
Q

What is the major precaution in childhood vaccines

A

moderate to severe febrile illness after vaccine

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13
Q

Immunization before what age causes a weak response

A

6 weeks

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14
Q

What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis B vaccine

A

Recombinant Vaccine

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15
Q

What is special about the Hepatitis B vaccine

A

only vaccine given in the first 24 hours of life

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16
Q

When are booster doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine given

A

1 month

6 months

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17
Q

What do you give a baby if the mother is known to be Hepatitis B +

A

HBIG + HBV vaccine

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18
Q

What vaccines are given at 1 year of age

A

MMR

Varicella

Hepatitis A

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19
Q

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine

A

Live, attenuated

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20
Q

What does the varicella vaccine prevent

A

Chickenpox

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21
Q

What type of vaccine is the Varicella vaccine

A

live, attenuated

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22
Q

When is the booster dose for Varicella given

A

Age 4 years

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23
Q

What is given for post-exposure prophylaxis with Varicella

A

The varicella vaccine

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24
Q

What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis A Vaccine

A

Inactivated

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25
What vaccines are given at 2-4-6 Months
DTap HiB Pneumonia (PCV13) Polio (IPV) Rotavirus
26
What are the components of the DTap vaccine
Diphtheria Tetanus Acellular Pertussis
27
How does Corynebacterium Diphtheriae present
Pharyngitis with great-white membrane
28
What can systemic Corynebacterium Diphtheriae cause
Cardiomyopathy
29
What type of vaccine is the Corynebacterium Diphtheriae portion of the DTaP vaccine
Toxoid vaccine
30
What does Clostridium Tetani cause
Blockage of inhibitory neurons -leading to muscle spasms -trismus (lockjaw)
31
What type of vaccine is the Tetanus portion of DTaP
Toxoid vaccine
32
What does Bordetella Pertussis cause
Whooping Cough
33
What type of vaccine is the the Bordetella Pertussis vaccine
Acellular -purified bacterial components -inactivated toxin
34
What is a special contraindication to the Bordetella Pertussis vaccine
Encephalopathy -occurs within 7 days
35
What Does Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HiB) cause
Epiglottitis Bacterial Meningitis Pneumonia
36
How does Epiglottitis present
Fever Sore Throat Stridor
37
What type of vaccine is the HiB Vaccine
Conjugate vaccine -either tetanus toxoid or N. Meningitidis protein complex
38
At what ages is the DTaP vaccine given
2-4-6 months
39
At what age is the HiB Vaccine given
2-4-6 months
40
What does The PCV-13 vaccine prevent
Pneumonia Meningitis Bacteremia Otitis Media -caused by Strep Pneumoniae
41
What type of vaccine is the PCV-13 vaccine
Conjugate vaccine
42
What age is the PCV-13 vaccine given
2-4-6 months
43
What is the adult version of the PCV-13 vaccine
PPSV23 -does not elicit a response in children <2
44
Which Strep vaccine is given to Asplenic patients
Both the PCV-13 and PPSV23
45
What does the Polio (IPV) Vaccine prevent
Poliomyelitis
46
What type of vaccine is the IPV vaccine
Inactivated
47
When is the IPV vaccine given
2-4-6 months
48
What does Rotavirus cause
Gastroenteritis
49
What type of vaccine is the Rotavirus vaccine
Live, attenuated
50
How is the Rotavirus vaccine administered
Drops into the child's mouth
51
What is a contraindication to the Rotavirus vaccine
Hx of Intussusception -reports of fatality after 2nd dose
52
When is the Rotavirus Vaccine given
2-4-6 months
53
What does the Influenza virus prevent
Influenza A and B viruses
54
What is the Influenza Vaccine comprised of
2 strains of Influenza A 2 strains of Influenza B Quadrivalent
55
When is the influenza vaccine given
Annually to children 6 months of greater
56
What does the Meningitis Vaccine protect against
Neisseria Meningitidis
57
What age is the Meningitis Vaccine given
All patients aged 11-18
58
What type of vaccine is the Meningitis Vaccine
Polysaccharide vaccine with toxoid
59
What special indications do you give the Meningitis Vaccine before age 11
10 years or older at increased risk -Complement deficiency -Anatomic or functional Asplenia -Exposed to outbreak
60
What strain of HPV are associated with Cervical Cancer
16 and 18
61
What strains of HPV are associated with anogenital warts
6 and 11
62
What age is the HPV vaccine given
ages 11 to 12
63
If you start the HPV vaccines before the age of 15 how many doses are given
2
64
If you start the HPV vaccines before the age of 15 when are the doses given
1st Dose = 0 booster 6 to 12 months later
65
If you start the HPV vaccine at age 15 or later how many doses are given
3
66
If you start the HPV vaccine at age 15 or later when are the doses given
1st dose = 0 Booster 1 = 2 months Booster 2 = 6 months
67
What is the TdaP vaccine
Tetanus Diphtheria Pertussis different from DTaP
68
What age is the TdaP vaccine given
Booster at age 11
69
What special situation is the TdaP vaccine used
puncture wounds after age 11 -if >10 years since last tetanus immunization

USMLE Step 2 (39 decks)

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