PEDS Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler (Power Point)

Question 1

What age encompasses toddlerhood?

Answer 1

1- 3 yrs old

Question 2

Height and weight increase steadily in spurts at a ______ rate than the infant.

Answer 2

slower

Question 3

Reach half of adult height by age___.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Average weight gain is ___ to____ lbs per year.

Answer 4

3 to 5

Question 5

Anterior fontanels close by ____ months.

Answer 5

18

Question 6

Head size more proportional to body by age ___.

Answer 6

3

Question 7

At ___ months, toddler should weigh 4x birth weight.

Answer 7

30

Question 8

Neurologic system:

Brain reaches about 80% of size by age ____.

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Respiratory system:

Alveoli increase in number until age ____; trachea and airways small compared to adult.

Answer 9

7

Question 10

Cardiovascular system:

Heart rate ______; blood pressure _____.

Answer 10

decreases; increases

Question 11

PIAGET

Answer 11

• sensorimotor
• object permanence is fully developed.
  Have memories that relate to theme
  Domestic mimicry (play house)
  Preoperational thought- does not understand viewpoints of others can symbolize objects and imitate previously seen activities.

Question 12

Erickson

Answer 12

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Question 13

Freud

Answer 13

anal stage, sense of pleasure

Question 14

The nurse praises a 3-year-old child for using the potty. Which of the following theorists focuses on the satisfaction/frustration of expelling feces?

a. Piaget
b. Freud
c. Erickson
d. Kohlberg

Answer 14

b. Freud

Question 15

Gross motor skills

Answer 15

Include running, climbing, jumping, pushing or pulling a toy, throwing a ball, and pedaling a tricycle

Question 16

Fine motor skills

Answer 16

Progress from holding and pinching to the ability to manage utensils, hold a crayon, string a bead, and use a computer

Question 17

When should the toddler be able to walk up and downstairs?
A. 15 months
B. 18 months
C. 2 years
D. 3 years

Answer 17

C. 2 years

Question 18

Receptive language development: the ability to understand what is being said or asked

Answer 18

Typically far more advanced than expressive language development (ability to communicate desires and feelings)

Question 19

Echolalia

Answer 19

repetition of words and phrases without understanding

Question 20

Telegraphic speech

Answer 20

speech that contains only the essential words to get the point across

Question 21

Separation

Answer 21

Seeing oneself as separate from the parent

Question 22

Individuation

Answer 22

Forming a sense of self and learning to control one’s environment leads to emotional lability.

Question 23

Egocentrism

Answer 23

Focus on self

Question 24

May rely on a ____ item.

Answer 24

security

Question 25

Becomes aware of _____ differences.

Answer 25

gender

Question 26

May display ______ behaviors.

Answer 26

aggressive

Question 27

May show fear of loss of _____ and of______.

Answer 27

parents; strangers

Question 28

Becomes more self-aware; does not have clear body boundaries.

Answer 28

Separation anxiety may reoccur. | May resist invasive procedures.

Question 29

Gastrointestinal system: | Stomach increases in size; small intestine grows in length; stool passage _______.

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

Genitourinary system: | Bladder and kidney reach adult function by__ to __ months.

Answer 30

16 to 24

Question 31

Genitourinary system: | Bladder capacity _____; urethra remains ______.

Answer 31

increases; short

Question 32

Musculoskeletal system: | Bones increase in length; muscle matures; swayback and pot belly appear due to weak muscles until ___ years old.

Answer 32

3

Question 33

____ is the major socializing medium for toddlers.

Answer 33

Play

Question 34

Developmental screening test for toddlers:

Answer 34

Denver II

Question 35

Toddlers need _____ minutes of structured physical activity and____ to ____hours of unstructured physical activity per day.

Answer 35

30 minutes; 1 to 3 hours

Question 36

Parents should limit ___ and encourage ____ _____ play instead.

Answer 36

TV; creative physical

Question 37

Toddlers engage in _____ play (playing alongside another child) instead of ____ play.

Answer 37

parallel; cooperative

Question 38

Toddlers are egocentric and do not like to ______.

Answer 38

share

Question 39

The short attention span of toddlers will make them ____ _____ frequently.

Answer 39

change toys

Question 40

Toddlers do not need _____ toys.

Answer 40

expensive

Question 41

______ play evolves into ______ play.

Answer 41

solitary; parallel

Question 42

Is the following statement true or false? | The best type of toys for toddlers are store-bought interactive electronic toys.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Provide a ____ environment.

Answer 43

childproof

Question 44

Use a safe car seat in ____ of car.

Answer 44

back

Question 45

Provide a safe ____ environment.

Answer 45

home

Question 46

Avoid exposure to ____ smoke.

Answer 46

tobacco

Question 47

Prevent i-----.

Answer 47

injury

Question 48

Prevent p------.

Answer 48

poisoning

Question 49

___-month-old: 13.5 hours of sleep per day

Answer 49

18

Question 50

___-month-old: 13 hours of sleep per day

Answer 50

24

Question 51

___-year-old: 12 hours of sleep per day

Answer 51

3

Question 52

A typical toddler should sleep through the night and take ___ daytime nap.

Answer 52

1

Question 53

Most children discontinue daytime napping at around ____ years of age.

Answer 53

3

Question 54

Dietary fiber:

Answer 54

applesauce, carrots, corn, green beans, mangos, pears

Question 55

Folate:

Answer 55

avocados, broccoli, green peas, oranges, spinach and dark greens, strawberries

Question 56

Vitamin A:

Answer 56

apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, mangos, spinach and dark greens, sweet potatoes

Question 57

Vitamin C:

Answer 57

broccoli, cantaloupe, green peas, oranges, potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes

Question 58

The nurse is planning a diet for a toddler that is rich in vitamin A. Which of the following foods might the nurse include? a. avocados b. corn c. strawberries d. spinach

Answer 58

D. Spinach. Spinach is rich in vitamin A Rationale: Avocados are rich in folate, corn is rich in fiber, and strawberries are rich in vitamin C. Other foods rich in vitamin A include apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, mangos, dark greens, and sweet potatoes.

Question 59

Use a ____ spoon and fork with ____ tines.

Answer 59

child-sized; dull

Question 60

Seat the toddler in a _____ or at a comfortable height in a secure chair

Answer 60

high chair

Question 61

Never leave the toddler unattended while ____.

Answer 61

eating

Question 62

Minimize _____ during mealtime.

Answer 62

distractions

Question 63

Common Developmental Concerns of the Toddler:

Answer 63

``` Toilet teaching Negativism Temper tantrums Thumb sucking and pacifiers Sibling rivalry Aggression ```

Question 64

Signs a Toddler Is Ready for Toilet Teaching:

Answer 64

Regular bowel movement Expresses knowledge of need to defecate or urinate The diaper is not always wet. The toddler is willing to follow instructions. The toddler walks well alone and can pull down pants. The toddler follows caregiver to bathroom. The toddler climbs onto potty chair or toilet.

Question 65

Teaching Strategies to Minimize Issues With Sibling Rivalry:

Answer 65

Attempt to keep the toddler’s routine as close to normal as possible. Spend individual time with the toddler on a daily basis. Involve the toddler in the care of the baby.

Question 66

Focus of Discipline for the Toddler:

Answer 66

Limit setting Negotiation Techniques to assist the toddler to learn problem solving.

Question 67

Guidelines for Choosing a Preschool for a Toddler:

Answer 67

Parents agree with goals and an overall philosophy. Teachers and assistants are trained in early childhood development as well as CPR. Classes are small with an appropriate adult-to-child ratio. Disciplinary procedures are consistent with the parents’ values. Parents are able to visit at any time. School is childproofed inside and out. Appropriate hygiene procedures are in place.

Question 68

Immunizations before preschool:

Answer 68

``` p. 1067 Hep B D-tap Hip B Meningeal coccal MMR (Look at that page) ```