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Pelvic anatomy Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A 
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis 
Sacrum
Coccyx
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2
Q

What three bones make up the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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3
Q

What makes up the border of the pelvic inlet?

A

sacral promontory
ilium
superior pubic ramus
pubic symphysis

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4
Q

What makes up the pelvic outlet?

A 
pubic symphysis
ischiopubic ramus
ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments 
coccyx
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5
Q

What is contained within the bony pelvis?

A

Pelvic cavity

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6
Q

What are the borders of the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic inlet superior

Pelvic floor inferior

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7
Q

What makes up the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus muscle

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8
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the abdo cavity?

A

Nothing, they’re continuous

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9
Q

What surface landmarks are palpable on the pelvis?

A 
Iliac crest
ASIS
Pubic tubercle/symphysis
PSIS
Ischial tuberosity
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10
Q

What links the ASIS with the pubic tubercle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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11
Q

When can the ischial spine be palpated?

A

During a vaginal examination

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12
Q

What are the three main joints sound in the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac
Pubic symphysis
Hip

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13
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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14
Q

What are two important ligaments found in the pelvis?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

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15
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run from and to?

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

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16
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run from and to?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

What do the sacrospinous/tuberous ligaments do?

A

Stop pelvis/sacrum jackknifing (jumping or pregnant etc)

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18
Q

What do the sacrospinous/tuberous ligaments form?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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19
Q

What covers the obturator foramen in life?

A

Obturator membrane

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20
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator canal

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21
Q

What is contained in the obturator canal?

A

Obturator nerve
Obturator artery
Obturator vein

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22
Q

What does the obturator canal link?

A

Pelvis to thigh

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23
Q

What muscle originates on the posterior surface of the obturator membrane?

A

Obturator internus

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24
Q

Where does the obturator internus attach?

A

Obturator membrane to greater trochanter of femur

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25
What does the obturator internus pass through?
Lesser sciatic foramen
26
What originates from the anterior aspect of the obturator membrane?
Obturator externus
27
Where does the obturator externus attach?
Obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa of femur
28
How do male and female pelvises differ?
Female more gracile Female more obtuse subpubic angle Female has wider pelvic inlet and outlet
29
How does the width of the pelvic cavity vary?
Pelvic inlet: transverse is wider than AP | Pelvic outlet: AP in wider than transverse
30
What does 'station' mean during partum?
The distance of the foetal head from the ischial spines
31
What does a negative station mean?
Foetal head is superior to ischial spines
32
What does a positive station mean?
Foetal head in inferior to ischial spines
33
What are some important landmarks on the pelvis?
``` Iliac crest ASIS PSIS AIIS PIIS Iliac fossa Ischiopubic rami Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Pubic tubercle Pubic Arch ```
34
What is found below the pelvic floor?
Perinium
35
What are the three division of organ in the abdo cavity?
Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal Subperitoneal
36
What divides the pelvic cavity from the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneum
37
What organs are subperitoneal in females?
Bladder Uterus Rectum
38
What openings are found in the pelvic floor?
Alimentary (rectum) | Renal and repro tracts
39
What shape in the perineum?
DIamond
40
What makes up the vertices of the perineum diamond?
Ischial spines Pubic symphysis Coccyx
41
What two triangles make up the perineum?
Urogenital | Rectal
42
What is the major muscle of the pelvic floor?
Levator ani
43
What kind of muscle in the levator ani?
Skeletal
44
What does the levator ani do?
Stops things falling out
45
What is the nerve supply to the levator ani?
S3,4,5- Nerve to levator ani
46
What additional nerve may supply the levator ani?
Pudendal N
47
Where does the pudendal nerve originate?
S2,3,4
48
What does the pudendal nerve do?
External urethral and anal sphincters | Sense from external genitalia and anus
49
What is an important landmark of the perineum?
Perineal body
50
What is the perineal body?
Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
51
Where is the perineal body found?
Between external genitalia and anus | Just deep to skin
52
What is the perineal body important for?
Pelvic floor strength
53
What can damage the perineal body?
Partum
54
What gland is found in the female perineum?
Bartholin's gland
55
What does the Bartholin's gland do?
Secrete mucus for lubrication of the vagina
56
What is the male equivalent of Bartholin's gland?
Cowper's gland
57
What can an infection of Bartholin's gland result in?
Cyst
58
Name some surface features of the perineum
``` Mons pubis (fatty tissue in front of pubis) Pubic hair Vulva Clitoris External urethral orifice Vaginal orifice Labium majus and minus Anus ```
59
What is the vulva?
External genitalia
60
What makes up the vulva?
``` Mons pubis Labium majus and minus Clitoris External urethral orifice Vaginal orifice ```
61
What makes up the labium majus?
Longitudinal tissue from mons pubis to perineal body

Reproduction (8 decks)

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