Pelvic limb Flashcards
(40 cards)
compare and contrast the hip joint of cow and horse with regard to structure, function, and luxation susceptibility
- horse: accessory ligament extends from pre-public ligament to head of femur - ligament is short, protects from hip luxation and doesn’t allow for side kicking
- cow: lack accessory ligament and more prone to hip luxation
what is the location of the lesser trochanter? what attaches to it?
- medial part of femur
- iliopsoas attachment
location of third trochanter and what attaches to it
- lateral side of femur
- superficial gluteal attachment
location of extensor fossa
lateral side of femur
location of trochlea lip and which one serves as hook
- line between trochlea on femur
- medial lip serves as hook
is the patellar tendon really a ligament
both
what do various authorities say about the patellar ligament and why
- physiologist and neurologist: tendon (quadriceps tendon inserts on the patella and the patellar ligament connects patella and tibia)
- anatomists and surgeons: ligament (connects patella to tibia)
what forms the loop that fixes the stifle
medial and middle partellar ligaments joined by the patella
what does the loop hook over
medial lip of the femoral trochlea
what is a desmotomy and why would it be performed on the stifle
- to cut a ligament
- done to patellar ligament if the loop was getting stuck on the hook and keeping the horse from flexing the stifle - prevents locking of the stifle
what are the individual synovial sacs of the stifle and how are they connected to the horse
- femoropatellar: communicates with medial femorotibial in horses
- medial femoraltibial: communicates with the femoropatellar in ruminants
- lateral femorotibial: doesn’t communicate with others
clinical significance of synovial sacs
if something is injected into joints, it’s important to know which other joint capsule it will migrate to (also for infections)
what are the components of the reciprocal aparatus
superficial digital flexor, peroneus tertius
what part of reciprocal aparatus is most likely to rupture and why - how to diagnose
- peroneus tertius will rupture if stifle flexes and leg is caught so hock is not allowed to flex
- diagnose if you can flex the stifle while keeping the hock extended
structure of horse talus
- semicircular oblique trochlea of the talus that articulates with the tibia
- most movement of the hock is with the tibio/talal joint, which has a wide range of movement and slackened joint capsule
structure of ruminant talus
- proximal and distal trochleas of the talus
- proximal articulates with the tibial cochlea and malleolar bone (making tarsocrural joint)
- distal articulates with calcaneus and fused central/4th tarsal bones (making proximal intertarsal joint)
- both joints can flex and extend - spend lots of time with them flexed in sternal recumbency
compare and contrast talus and calcaneous
- talus: semicircular trochlea (pulley) which rotates tibia - virtually all hock movement in tibio/talal joint plus weight bearing
- calcaneous: lever arm which is not weight bearing
why is the sustentaculum so named
supports (sustains) the talus in the plantagrade human
what forms the tarsal canal and what does it contain
- formed by a groove on the medial side of the calcaneus and flexor retinaculum
- contains the lateral tendon of the deep digital flexor muscle and plantar nerves
what is thoroughpin and how does it relate to carpal tunnel syndrome
swelling of the sheath of the lateral tendon (similar to carpal tunnel) of the deep digital flexor muscle
what is the derivation of the name thoroughpin
from shuttle pin since the fluid in the swelling can shuttle from proximal to lateral to distal medial as the swelling is palpated
what strucutre is torn in curb and why it happens
- plantar ligament tearing causes a round swelling
- occurs as a result of great force applied to the calcaneus by the tendons of the calcanean group
which joint surfaces are involved in bog spavin and bone spavin
- bog: swelling to the dorsal side medial to the peroneus tertius/cranial tibial tendons and medial collateral ligament
- bone: arthritis in the region of tc/t3 and t3/mt3 in the horse
what is the cunean tendon and what is the surgical significance
- medial tendon of the cranial tibial muscle
- often cut to release pressure it applies which exasperates the pain caused by bone spavin
