Perception 2 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Name the main parts of human eye, describe their function.
- Cornea - clear dome like surface in the eye that bends light to focus it trough the pupil.
- Pupil - the opening in the centre of the iris that regulates the amount of light that reaches the retina.
- Iris - The colourful membrane that is behind the retina that helps the pupil regulate the light flow.
- Lens - clear or transparent structure behind the iris that changes its shape to focus light on the retina allowing you to see details from varying distance.
- Retina - the tissue lining the back wall of the eye that translates visual information into an image that is sent to the brain.
What are the atributes of colours?
Hue, saturation, temperature and brightness.
What is visual spectrum?
The visual spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see, which ranges from approximately 400 to 700 nanometers in wavelength.
What is the size constancy?
Size constancy is the perception that an object’s size remains the same even when its distance from us changes and therefore its image on the retina becomes smaller or larger.
What are the types of depth/distance perception?
Monocular and binocular cues.
What are binocular cues of depth?
Binocular cues are those when looking at objects we use both eyes to perceive depth. Convergence (The eyes move medially toward and away from the nose - necessary for us to focus on distant objects), Binocular disparity (Our left and right eye view slightly different images and they produce an image that is the blend of the two pictures).
What are monocular cues of depth?
Monocular cues of depth are used when we look
trough only one eye to help us form a 3D concept of a stimulus object.
1. Relative Size
If two objects are known to be about the same size, the one that looks smaller is seen as farther away.
2. Interposition (Overlap)
If one object blocks another, the blocked object is seen as farther away.
3. Linear Perspective
Parallel lines (like train tracks) appear to get closer together as they go into the distance. This makes the distance seem greater.
4. Texture Gradient
Surfaces appear more detailed up close, and smoother or blurrier as they go farther away.
5. Relative Height
Objects that are higher in your field of vision (closer to the horizon) often look farther away than those lower down.
6. Light and Shadow
Light and shadows help us understand depth and shape. Shadows can make flat images look 3D by suggesting where the light is coming from.
7. Motion Parallax
When you’re moving (like in a car), close objects seem to move quickly, while far objects move slowly. This difference helps your brain figure out how far things are.
Describe pandemonium theory of shape perception.
The Pandemonium Theory of shape perception is a model of how we recognize patterns and letters. Shape and letter recognition is not based on seeing the whole pattern at once. Instead, it’s a step-by-step matching of features, and whichever pattern matches best is what we perceive. (trough image, cognition, feature and decision demons)
Describe hearing sensory system.
Sound travels trough an external auditory canal and it strikes the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates and sends vibrations to the 3 little bones in the middle that amplify the sound and send sound waves to the inner ear and fluid-filled hearing organs. When sound waves reach the inner ear they are transformed intro electrical impulses sent trough auditory nerves to the brain which then perceives it as sound.
What are the 5 tastes?
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami.
What frequency and decibell range humans can hear?
Frequency range:
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz)
Decibel (dB) range:
0 dB to about 120–130 dB
