Perception 4

Question 1

Besides psychology, what other scientific disciplines are involved in Cognitive science studies?

Answer 1

Computer science, Philosophy, Biology, Language science.

Question 2

What are cognitive schemas? Provide an example.

Answer 2

Cognitive schemas are mental frameworks that help us categories, respond and interpret information based on our previous knowledge. We have a schema of what a restaurant is there is a menu, we eat food, we pay for food there are tables to sit at there are waiters and so on.

Question 3

.What was the first book on cognitive psychology? (name, year, author)

Answer 3

Cognitive Psychology (1967), Ulric Neisser.

Question 4

Describe the main ideas of structuralism.

Answer 4

tructuralism focused on breaking down mental processes into their most basic components — like the structure of the mind.

Question 5

Describe the main ideas of functionalism.

Answer 5

Functionalism focused on the purpose of mental processes and behavior — what the mind does, not just what it’s made of.

Question 6

Describe the unconditional learning process.

Answer 6

Unconditional learning is a natural, automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without prior experience or training. (dog salivating when he sees food).

Question 7

What is The law of Prägnanz?

Answer 7

The Law of Prägnanz (from Gestalt psychology) says that our brain tends to see things in the simplest, most organized, and most meaningful way possible. When you see a group of dots forming a shape, like a circle or a square, your brain quickly sees the whole shape, not just the individual dots — because it’s simpler and more complete.

Question 8

What are the three main concepts in The Theory of Cognitive Development?

Answer 8

Assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium.

Question 9

What is chunking theory?

Answer 9

It states that it should be possible to increase short-term memory for low-information-content items effectively by mentally recording them into a smaller number of high-information-content items.

Question 10

Describe an experiment in the field of Cognitive psychology

Answer 10

Stroop effect they measure the time it takes you to read different colour names in different colours.

Question 11

Describe a case study in the field of Cognitive psychology.