Perception, Self And Comm Flashcards
Perception..
- subjective, active and creative.
- differences in perc may be due to identity factors, past experiences, roles, present feelings and circumstances.
Active perc - own selection, organisation and interpretation of own sense.
Subjective perc - own constructed meaning.
Identity factors…
- personal characteristics, ie: age, attractiveness affects how you see yourself and how others treat you.
- biological sex, gender identity etc - lead to perc differences.
- gender identity - how you express and feel about your gender.
Temporary conditions…
- headaches etc, challenges perc.
- psycho needs ie: hunger, thirst also affects perc skills.
Perceptual constancy …
- the idea that your past influences how you view the world.
- past influences a person’s current perc.
- one might avoid certain situations due to bad experiences from the past.
Roles…
- affect comm
- roles tend to change depending on the context, ie: in a class a student would be expected to act like a student.
The perceptual process…
There are 3 separate activities that happen during perc:
- selection, organisation, interpretation.
Selection…
- you select and focus on selected stimuli whilst neglecting other stimuli.
- you also select messages you attend to, ie: losing focus during a lecture to read a text.
4 types of selectivity:
Selective exposure - exposing yourself to info that reinforces own beliefs.
Selective attention - focusing on just certain cues whilst ignoring others.
Selective perc - seeing, hearing, believing only what one wants.
Selective retention - remembering things that reinforce your beliefs, ignoring other things that don’t.
Organisation …
- grouping of stimuli into meaningful units or wholes.
- stimuli is organised through figure and ground, closure, proximity and similarity.
Figure and ground
- figure: focusing on some parts, focal point of attention.
- ground: distancing yourself from other parts, background against focal point of attention.
Closure
- filling in missing info to complete an incomplete figure or statement.
- mental closures: filling in the meaning of what you hear and observe.
Proximity
- concept that objects physically close to each other are a unit or group, making them related.
- works verbally and non-verbally.
Similarity
- elements grouped together because they resemble each other ie: size, colour, shape.
- human groups are organised through race, religion etc.
Mindfulness & self-fulfilling prophecy …
- focused, attentive, absorbed and taking into consideration as much as you can.
- making conjectures about yourself or others. We look for info that validate our assumptions.
The intergroup perspective…
In-group…
Out-group…
- theory that emphasises ways in which people in a social interaction identify themselves or others.
- in-group - a group someone belongs to that gives them pride, self-esteem and sense of self-belonging. They engage in activities that promote a positive image for the in-group.
- out-group - a group marginalised by the dominant culture.
