Pericardium

Question 1

Effusion sizes:

Answer 1

Trivial
<50 mL Only seen in systole
Small
50–100 mL <10 mm
Moderate
100–500 mL 10–20 mm
Large
>500 mL > 20 mm 

Question 2

Cardiac chamber collapse in Tamponade

Answer 2

RA – early systole at R wave
RV-early diastole end T wave

Question 3

First sign of Tamponade

Answer 3

RA free wall collapse in systole, if >1/3 of systole then both sensitive and specific for Tamponade physiology 

Question 4

Respiratory variation in Tamponade and constriction

Answer 4

Mitral valve 25%⬇️inspiration
Tricuspid valve 40%⬇️expirtn
Variation, first Doppler after beginning of inspiration or expiration