Period 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Period 1
1491 - 1607
Big Picture of Period 1
Societal makeup of the Americas (natives) before the European’s arrival and how they have been affected by their arrival
What kind of people were the natives?
The Natives developed distinct and complex societies which were shaped by their environment
Native Indians
Iroquois (North east)
Three sister farmings: squash, beans, corn
Appalachian mountains
Cahokia - Northeast
trade
Pueblo people - Southwest
Developed complex irrigation systems and cultivated: corn, beans, squash (three sisters)
Lived in permanent stone and mud buildings
Ute people - great basin region (west)
Huntergatherers, nomadic, fish
Why did the Europeans arrive
1400s Europeans devloped centralized states governed by monarchs and they seeked out sea based routes for trade
Who is the significant sailor in period 1?
Christopher Columbus
* Italian sailor —> Spanish court of Isabella and Ferdinand to find wealth in Asia, then landed in the Carribean (set sail in 1492)
What is the most important exchange in period 1?
Columbian Exchange
* Transfer of disease, food, animal, people from the east to the west and vice versa
Americas to Europe
* Maize, Tomatoes potatoes
* Turkeys
European to Americas
* Wheat, rice
* cattles, horses
* Enslaved Africans
* Disease (small pox where natives were not immune so their population were demolished), 90%
Economic System of before and after the Columbian exchange in Europe
Feudalism - people work in exchange for protection
Capitalism - influx of wealth due to columbian exchange
Capitalism gave rise to?
Joint-stock companies to fund exploration, Jamestown (1607)
Labour system the Spain used ?
Econmienda system:
Spanish enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas, but the natives found ways to escape or died to diseases where the solution was using slaves
System of social classes that the Spanish introduced
Caste System
* social classes based on racial ancestry
Significance of Mercantilism?
increasing exports and decreasing imports, British Navigation Acts
What was the Crusades?
The crusades were set of religious wars in the purpose of securing and spreading christianity, mainly by the Spanish
What is the Protestant Reformation?
German monk Martin Luther arguing about corruption of the Cathloic churches.
–> lead to protestants, new branches of christianity.
