Period 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Period 4
1800 - 1848
Who were the candidates of the election of 1800 and what was it also called and why?
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) vs. John Adams (Federalist), Revolution of 1800, because it marked the time in history when power was transferred peacefully between rivals.
Lousiana Purchase
1803
doubled the territory of the United States by purchasing land by 15 million
Purchasing land was not unconstitutional
Jefferson abandoned his Democratic-Republican values, especially, strict constructionism (following the rules) and acted more like the Federalists.
- Lewis and Clark Exploration
- led by sacagawea
Marbury v Madison
1803
Judicial review
* Federal law increase
* Surpreme court is the final decision marker
War of 1812
- Impressment (recruitment by force) of American citizens in fighting for the British
- Hartford Convention
- federalist opposed trhe war because of the economy and that was the fall of federalists
- Nationalism
- The U.S. lacked a reliable source of credit and funds as the national bank charter expired in 1811.
- Showed how weak the infrastructure and transportation was
American System
1824
Henry Clay, the American System in an attempt to unify the national economy
* federally funded internal improvements likke canals
* protective tariffs (tax on imported goods)
* Second bank of united states
Missouri Compromise
1820
Missouri applied for statehood and tipped the balance between slave and free states
* compromise –> Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state
The Tallmadge Amendment
* prohibiting slavery in the new state
3630 line seperating slave (below) territory and free (above) territory
What is another treaty?
Adams–Onís Treaty 1819, Spain gave away Florida to the US
What was the Market Revolution about?
The linking of Northern industries with Southern and Western farms
Technology
* Eli Whitney - Cotton gin
Interchangeable parts
* mass production
Canals and railroads
* Eerie Canal 1825
National road
Steamboats
Railroads
Soceity (immigration)
Immigration –> Irish and German immigrants.
2 million immigrants
Cheap labor
Tenements
* poor conditions
Who opposed these immigrants?
Nativists.
What was the idea of cult of domesticity?
A woman’s identity and purpose were to have babies and provide a home that helped the husband. The husband worked.
What was the Panic of 1819 about?
- Irresponsible banking practisers
- Decreased demand for exports
The Second Bank of the United States had restricted their lending money policies to tackle inflation.
A lot of state banks closed which led to less demand for American goods;
unemployment rates increased, bankruptcy
Election of 1824
Democratic Republican party split into
Democrats
* Strict contructionists
* Adnrew Jackson
National Republicans
* Loose constructionists
* Henry Clay
* John Quincy Adams
What were Henry Clay’s Whigs for and against?
For:
Central government
National banks
Tariffs
Infrastructure (Government funded)
Against:
Crimes being committed by immigrants
Significance of Tariff of 1828
(Tariff of Abominations)?
Import tarrifs upt to 45%
The tariff disadvantaged the South as the South relied on imported goods
John C. Calhoun developed the Ordinance of Nullification where if the state judged the federal law as unconstitutional, the law was null and not in effect.
Force Bill
* Federal troops to enforce laws
What is the significance of the Second National Bank?
Established in 1816, Jackson believed the bank was unconstitutional. 1832, when Henry Clay tried to recharter the bank, Andrew Jackson vetoed it.
Indian Removal Act
1830,
west of the Mississippi River.
Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota
Trail of tears
* Forced removal, 3000 cherokees suffered and died
What was controversial regarding the Indian Removal Act in Jackson’s presidency?
As president, Jackson was not allowed to force migrate any individuals but he did, breaking the constitution.
What raised due to Transcendentalism
Utopian Society;
Most notably the Shakers, restricted sexual reproduction, eliminated marriage, adopted orphans
Oneida Community;
Perfect equality, perfectionism,
What were the causes of the Second Great Awakening?
The lives are in an individual’s hands, just like the market revolution.
Democratic and individualistic beliefs
Romanticism, emotional reality (away from the enlightenment)
How did reform movements spark?
By the economic and cultural shifts due to the Market Revolution; economic improvement was in the individual’s hands by hard work.
Temperance Movement
American Temperance Society 1826
Reduced the number from 5 gallons per person per year.
Workers generally ignored the Temperance movement due to Sabbatarianism (business not running on Sundays) which went against the American identity
Maine Law - The Maine Supreme Court stopped the sale of alcohol
Effects of Abolitionism?
William Llyod Garrison’s Liberator 1831 argued to end slavery using persuasion.
Established the American Anti-Slave Society 1833
* band slavery
