Period 5 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Period 5
1844 - 1877
What is a recurring theme throughout American History?
Westward Expansion
Who coined the term Manifest Destiny?
John O’Sullivan and Manifest Destiny sparked westward expansion as it was claimed to be encouraged by God
What is a practical reason for Westward expansion?
California Gold Rush 1848
300,000 people
Causes of the Mexican-American War (1846 - 1848)?
conflict in the Rio Grande
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
* Mexico ceded California and New Mexico for 15 million
* Wilmost Proviso (not passed)
* any land gained from the war is not allowed for slavery
* growing tension of slavery and the free-soil movement
What was the South’s position on slavery?
Slavery was a constitutional right
Slavery was decided by the Missouri Compromise
Growing tensions of Expansion of Slavery
Wilmot Provsio
South Perspective on slavery
* Slavery being a constitutional right
* Slavery decided in the Missouri Comprmise of 1820
Free Soil movement
* Mainly Northern Democrats and Whigs
* Wanted new territories to be free from slaves
Abolitionists
* wanted to abolish slavery
* free soil party
William Llyod Garrison’s Liberator 1831
Stand against slavery in persuasion and not violence
Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831
American Anti-Slavery Soceity 1833
Abolishing slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852, Harriet Beacher Stowe
Evil of slavery
Frederick Douglass
Speech
John Brown’s Raebellion 1859
Wanting to arm the slaves
South shut them down
Evidence of South and North rising tensions
What is Popular sovereignty?
People should decide whether the territory should be a slave or a free state.
Popular Sovereignty increased tensions.
Mexican Cession
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
Mexico and Califronia entering as free states
Attacked the balance of slave and free states
TENSION!!
**Compromise of 1850 **
Henry Clay
Mexican Cession divded into Utah and New Mexico territories and pracrtise popular sovereignty
California as a free state
Slave trade banned in Washington D.C
Strictre fugitive slave law
What was a party that rose due to the influx of immigrants?
Know-Nothing-Party
What was the situation of labour in both the North and the South?
In the north, the economy was made up of free-wage labourers working manufacturing jobs in factories.
In the South, the economy was filled by slave labour.
What was the Free Soil Movement about?
Anti-slavery and in favour of the Wilmot Proviso. Did not want to slavery to expand into new territories.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854
* repealed Missouri Compromise of 1820
- Popular soverignty of Kansas and Nebraska
- led to Bleeding kansas
Dred Scott Decision
1857
* citizen of property
* Slave ownders could take slaves anywehre they wanted without their property being taken
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln was elected as a free soiler (against slavery expanding to new territories)
* South Carolina seceded from the Union
* Along with 9 other states
* Confederate States of America
For what reasons did the South Secede?
Wanted to protect slavery
Advantages of the South in the Civil War?
Fought a defensive war
Experienced generals (Robert E. Lee)
Advantages of the North in the Civil War?
4x the population of the South
Navy, so they could control the seas and rivers
Well-established central government
Civil War time period
1861 - 1865
Opposition to this war from the South?
New York City Draft Riots in 1863 where people could pay 300 to be removed from battle. Working-class men could not afford it and saw this as an injustice.
120 people killed
North Strategies?
Anaconda Plan
* naval blockade
blocking Southern ports and controlling the rivers
South Strategies
They tried to rely on Britain and France for supplies as they utilised King Cotton, but other countries produced cotton as well.
Abraham Lincoln’s strategy
Changed generals constantly until finding a general that does not retreat like Ulysses S. Grant.
Preliminary Emancipation proclamation as a warning 1862
Emancipation Proclamation of 1863- freeing slaves in only the states that are in active rebellion against the US.
* Border states still had slaves.
* 400,000 contrabands crossed tot he unoin to acquire freedom
* Underground Railroad tunnels
Battle of Vicksburg?
Union gained control of the Mississippi, which cut the confederacy to half
