period 1

Question 1

southwest natives (pueblos)

Answer 1

lived in dry areas; used irrigation to farm maize; built adobe homes

Question 2

northwest natives

Answer 2

lived in coastal forests; relied on fishing; hunting; totem poles; plank houses

Question 3

great basin natives

Answer 3

arid area; small nomadic groups; foraged and hunted

Question 4

midwest natives

Answer 4

large mound building societies; farmed along rivers; cahokia=major city

Question 5

god gold glory

Answer 5

main motives for european exploration: religion, wealth, and power

Question 6

caravel

Answer 6

small fast ship that helped make voyages possible

Question 7

prince Henry

Answer 7

portugese leader who sponsored early voyages of exploration

Question 8

treaty of tordesillas (1494)

Answer 8

agreement that split new world between spain and portugal

Question 9

conquistadors

Answer 9

spanish conquerors (like cortes and Pizarro) who took over native empires

Question 10

columbian exchange

Answer 10

transfer of plats, animals, and diseases btwn old and new worlds

Question 11

items from old world to new world

Answer 11

horses, pigs, smallpox, wheat, sugar

Question 12

items from new world to old world

Answer 12

corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, cacao

Question 13

impact of columbian exchange on natives

Answer 13

90% of population died from diseases

Question 14

impact of columbian exchange on europe

Answer 14

better diet, pop growth, rise in capitalism

Question 15

encomienda system

Answer 15

spanish system where natives were forced to work for colonists

Question 16

asiento system

Answer 16

spanish brought african slaves to americas after native pop decline

Question 17

slavery in the americas

Answer 17

africans were brought to work on plantations after native pop dropped

Question 18

spanish-native relations

Answer 18

forced labor, conversion to christianity, caste system based on race

Question 19

French-native relationsf

Answer 19

friendly, based on fur trade; intermarried; alliances

Question 20

english- native relations

Answer 20

conflict over land; wanted to settle permanetly; less intermarriage

Question 21

bartolome de las casas

Answer 21

spanish priest who defended native americans and opposed their mistreatment

Question 22

juan gines de sepulveda

Answer 22

argued that natives were inferior and should be conquered

Question 23

valladoid debate

Answer 23

debate over how natives should be treated under spanish rule (Las cases vs Sepulveda)

Question 24

iroquoid confederacy

Answer 24

powerful alliance of tribes in the northeaster; example of native unity

Question 25

maize cultivation

Answer 25

corn farming that allowed native societies to settle and grow complex cultures

Question 26

caste system in spanish colonies

Answer 26

racial hiearchy, penninsulares, creoles, mestizos, natives, africans

Question 27

cultural exchange

Answer 27

new foods, animals, religion, and ideas were shared across continents

Question 28

adaption to enviorment

Answer 28

natives developed unique lifestyles based on thier region (ex: irrigation, buffalo hunting)

Question 29

effects of european contact

Answer 29

spread of diease, new goods and animals, rise of slavery, conflict with natives

Question 30

pre-columbian america

Answer 30

before before 1494; native tribes were diverse, organized, and adapted to land

Question 31

main diff between spanish french and english colonial approaches

Answer 31

spanish= conquest and forced labor french= trade and alliances english= settlement and land ownership

Question 32

how did native americans react to european colonization

Answer 32

runs ranged from cooperation (trade) to resistance (rebellions like pueblo revolt)

Question 33

why did slavery become widespread in americas

Answer 33

as native pop declined, europeans turned to african slaves for labor on plantations

Question 34

long term impact of colombian exchange on global trade

Answer 34

kickstarted global exchange of goods, leading to rise in eu wealth and shift toward global capitalism

Question 35

pueblo revolt 1680

Answer 35

Native rebellion against Spanish in New Mexico. Drove them out for over 10 years

Question 36

mestizos

Answer 36

ppl of mixed spanish and native ancestry. showed racial mixing under spanish rule

Question 37

capitalism

Answer 37

economic system based on private ownership and profit. grew from wealth gained in americas

Question 38

mission system

Answer 38

spanish set up missions to convert native maericans to christianty and control their land/labor

Question 39

joint stock company

Answer 39

investors pool money to fund colonies with less risk