period 2 1607-1754

Question 1

charter colony

Answer 1

A colony governed by a charter from the English monarch to a joint-stock company. These colonies were self-governing with significant autonomy.

Question 2

proprietary colony

Answer 2

A colony owned by individuals who were granted governing rights by the king. Examples: Pennsylvania, Maryland.

Question 3

royal colony

Answer 3

colony ruled directly by british crown

Question 4

chesapeake colonies

Answer 4

Virginia and Maryland; relied heavily on tobacco farming, which led to the use of slave labor and large plantations.

Question 5

new england colonies

Answer 5

mass, ri, ct, nh; puritan-led, small farms, town meetings

Question 6

middle colonies

Answer 6

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire; settled by Puritans, focused on small farms and towns, and valued religious freedom.

Question 7

southern colonies

Answer 7

The Carolinas and Georgia; relied on a plantation economy with crops like rice and indigo, and extensive use of enslaved labor.

Question 8

mercantillism

Answer 8

Colonies existed to enrich the mother country through controlled trade.

Question 9

navigation acts

Answer 9

British laws forcing colonies to trade only with England to support mercantilism.

Question 10

triangular trade

Answer 10

Trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas—slaves, goods, raw materials.

Question 11

middle passage

Answer 11

brutal sea journey of enslaved africans to americas

Question 12

indentured servitude

Answer 12

Poor Europeans worked 4–7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

Question 13

chattel slavery

Answer 13

Permanent, inherited slavery where people were treated as property.

Question 14

royal african company

Answer 14

British company that held a monopoly on slave trade until 1689.

Question 15

slave codes

Answer 15

Laws that restricted enslaved people’s rights and movements.

Question 16

bacons rebellion 1676

Answer 16

A Virginia uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon, Ex-indentured servants in VA rebelled over lack of protection from Native attacks → led to greater use of African slavery.

Question 17

stono rebellion 1739

Answer 17

Slave revolt in SC aiming to reach Spanish Florida → resulted in stricter slave codes.

Question 18

new york conspiracy trials 1741

Answer 18

Fires blamed on enslaved people led to mass arrests and executions.

Question 19

kp’s war 1675-76

Answer 19

Wampanoag-led resistance to New England expansion → ended in Native defeat.

Question 20

pequot war 1636-1638

Answer 20

Puritans vs. Pequot in CT → resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe.

Question 21

pueblo revolt 1680

Answer 21

Successful Native revolt in New Mexico against Spanish rule → Spaniards temporarily driven out.

Question 22

puritans

Answer 22

wanted to reform (purify) church of england; settled massachussets bay

Question 23

pilgrams/seperatists

Answer 23

Wanted to separate from the Church of England; founded Plymouth Colony.

Question 24

mayflower compact 1620

Answer 24

Early self-government agreement in Plymouth Colony.

Question 25

john Winthrop

Answer 25

puritcan leader who envisioned mass bay as a "city upon a hill"

Question 26

roger williams

Answer 26

Banished from MA for religious dissent; founded RI with religious freedom.

Question 27

anne hutchinson

Answer 27

challenged puritan doctorine and was exiled; early advocate for religious discussion and rights

Question 28

half-way covenant

Answer 28

allowed partial church membership for children of puritans

Question 29

great awakening 1730s-1740s

Answer 29

Emotional religious revival emphasizing personal faith and equality.

Question 30

jonathan edwards

Answer 30

great awakening preacer known for fiery sermons

Question 31

george Whitfield

Answer 31

popular preacher during GA who toured colonies

Question 32

religious toleration

Answer 32

policy allowing religious diversity; commin in places like ri and Penn.

Question 33

salutary neglect

Answer 33

british policy of loosely enforcing laws, allowing colonial autonomy

Question 34

colonial assemblies

Answer 34

elected bodies like house of burgesses; early democratic goverance

Question 35

house of burgesses 1619

Answer 35

first represenative legislative assembly in the american colonies (VA)

Question 36

enlightenment

Answer 36

eu intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights

Question 37

atlantic world

Answer 37

concept of transatlantic interations through trade, migration and culture

Question 38

yeoman farmers

Answer 38

ind. land owning farmers, common in the backcountry and new england

Question 39

demographic shifts

Answer 39

by 1775, african americans made up 20% of population; 90% lived in the south

Question 40

discrimination laws

Answer 40

All colonies had laws limiting rights of African Americans, free or enslaved.

Question 41

What caused increased reliance on African slavery in the South?

Answer 41

bacons rebellion, labor needs for plantations, decline of ind servants

Question 42

effect of stono rebellion

Answer 42

Stricter slave laws, limited slave movement and communication.

Question 43

why did roger willianms and anna hutchinson leave from mass

Answer 43

religious intolerance by puritan leaders

Question 44

major effect of first great awakening

Answer 44

increased religious diversity and challenges to established churches

Question 45

effect of sengar trial

Answer 45

Promoted freedom of the press.

Question 46

why did royal african company lose its monopoly in 1689

Answer 46

english merchants wanted access to profitable slave trade

Question 47

compare slavery in south vs New England

Answer 47

south: large plantations, labor intensive corps ne: smaller faarms, skilled trades, fewer slaves

Question 48

puritans vs quakers

Answer 48

Puritans: strict, intolerant; Quakers: peaceful, tolerant, egalitarian.

Question 49

compare economies of colonies

Answer 49

South: cash crops; Middle: grain/trade; NE: shipping, small farms.

Question 50

colonial gov differ by region how

Answer 50

NE: town meetings; South: elite legislatures; Middle: mix of both.

Question 51

why did white colonists panic after revolts like stono or NY 1741

Answer 51

feared loosing control of enslaved ppl, led to harsher laws and repression

Question 52

why was bacons reb a turning pt

Answer 52

Revealed instability of indentured labor → shift to slavery.

Question 53

how did eu powers differ in colonial goals

Answer 53

spanish: conversion and extraction french: fur trade and alliances eng: settlement and self rule

Question 54

who tied colonies to britain economically

Answer 54

Navigation Acts, mercantilism, triangular trade system.