period 4 1800-1848

Question 1

election of 1800

Answer 1

thomas jeffersons victory marked first peaceful transfer of power between political parties

Question 2

jeffersonian democracy

Answer 2

emphazied agrariansim, states rights, and limited federal gov

Question 3

marbury vs madison 1803

Answer 3

established principle of judicial review, allowing supreme court to declare laws unconstitutional

Question 4

mcCulloch vs Maryland 1819

Answer 4

comfirmed supremacy of federal over state law and upheld constitutionality of bank of US

Question 5

gibbons v ogden 1824

Answer 5

strengthened federal power over interstate commerce

Question 6

democratic repubs vs federalists

Answer 6

political rivalry between jeffersons party favoring states rights and federalosts favoring strong central gov

Question 7

democrats vs whigs

Answer 7

democrats support limited government whigs advocate for federal support of industry and infrastructure

Question 8

spoils system

Answer 8

practice of rewarding political supporters with government positions, used by andrew jackson

Question 9

nulification crisis 1832-33

Answer 9

south carolinas challenge to federal tariffs, asserting right to nullify federal laws

Question 10

second party system

Answer 10

political system democrats and whigs as two main parties

Question 11

louisiana purchase 1803

Answer 11

doubled size of US by acquiring territory from france

Question 12

lewis and clark expedition

Answer 12

explored newly acquired western territories

Question 13

embargo act 1807

Answer 13

prohibited american ships from trading with foreign ports, aiming to pressure britain and france but harming us economy

Question 14

war of 1812

Answer 14

conflict with britain over maritime rights and frontier pressures

Question 15

treaty of ghent 1814

Answer 15

ended war of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries

Question 16

monroe doctorine 1823

Answer 16

declared opposition to european colonization in the americas

Question 17

adam onis treaty 1819

Answer 17

spain gave up florida to the US

Question 18

indian removal across 1830

Answer 18

authorized relocation of nmative american tribes to lands west of Mississippi River

Question 19

trail of tears

Answer 19

forced migration of cherokee and other tribes, resuling in hardship and death

Question 20

market revolution

Answer 20

transition from agrarian economy to industrial and market based economy

Question 21

american system

Answer 21

henry clays plan for economic development, indlusing national bank, protective tariffs, and internal imporvements

Question 22

erie canal 1825

Answer 22

connected great lakes to atlantic ocean- facilitating trade

Question 23

Seamboats and railroads

Answer 23

revolutionized transportation and commerce

Question 24

lowell system

Answer 24

factory system employing young girls in textile mills

Question 25

cotton gin 1793

Answer 25

invented by eli whitney, revilutionized cotton processing and expanded slavery

Question 26

tariff of 1816

Answer 26

first protective tariff to sheild american industries from foreign competitors

Question 27

panic of 1819

Answer 27

first major economic depression bc of Second Bank of the United States' (BUS) lax lending policies, the aftermath of the War of 1812, and westward expansion

Question 28

second great awakening

Answer 28

religious revial movement promoting individual salvation and social reforms

Question 29

temperance movement

Answer 29

capaign against alcohol consumption

Question 30

abolitionism

Answer 30

movement to end slavery, with ppl like william lloyd garrison and fredrick Douglass

Question 31

womens rights movement

Answer 31

advocated for womens suffrage and equality; seneca falls convention 1848 was pivotal event

Question 32

transcendentalism

Answer 32

philosophical movement emphasizing individualisn and nature; Henry david thoreau and ralph emerson

Question 33

utopian communities

Answer 33

experimental societies aiming for ideal living conditions, such as brook farm and oneida

Question 34

education reform

Answer 34

led by horace mann, aimed to establish public schooling

Question 35

missouri compormise 1820

Answer 35

admitted missouri as slave state and maine as free state; prohibited slavery north of the 36 30 line

Question 37

nat turners rebellion 1831

Answer 37

slave uprising in virginia leading to stricter slave laws

Question 38

slave codes

Answer 38

laws restricting rights and movements of enslaved ppl

Question 39

king cotton

Answer 39

term denoting economix dominance of cotton in the south

Question 40

free african american communities

Answer 40

established in both north and south, facing discrimination

Question 41

free soil mvmt

Answer 41

oppposed expansion of slavery into new terrtories

Question 42

shakers

Answer 42

utopian community with strict celibacy and communal lifestyle

Question 43

nativism

Answer 43

anti immigrant sentiment

Question 44

manifest destiny

Answer 44

idea that america was destined to expand westward

Question 45

election of 1824

Answer 45

John Quincy Adams chosen by House, even though Jackson had more votes — made Jacksonians furious

Question 46

hartford convention 1814-15

Answer 46

Federalists opposed War of 1812; discussed secession — hurt their reputation badly