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Period 2 1607-1754 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

colonization

A

process of settling and controlling an already inhabited area

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2
Q

Calvinism

A

Switzerland; John Calvin;
version of Protestantism in which civil judges and reformed ministers ruled over Christian society;
about Dutch expand

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3
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

group of allied American Indian nations;
largely dissolved in late 1700s

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4
Q

different country colonization

A

French: friendly, family, fish
Dutch: Calvinism, wealth
Spanish: disease
English: conflict; cash crop, indentured servitude

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5
Q

Pueblo Revolt

A

1680; Pueblo against Spanish forces in NM;
Pueblo I. uprising against S.;
result in S. temporary retreat;
sparked by mistreatment and suppression of Pueblo culture and religion

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6
Q

inflation

A

late 1500s; England

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7
Q

enclosure movements

A

1500s;
claimed only noble title-holders had the right to use land;
evict English commoners

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8
Q

indentured servitude

A

1600s;
servants contracted to work for a set period of time without pay;
early migrants to E. colonies

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9
Q

joint-stock companies

A

1600s;
companies in which large numbers of investors own stock

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10
Q

Powhatan Confederacy

A

1600s;
large and powerful confederation of Algonquian-speaking A. I. in Virginia;
more powerful than E. settlers

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11
Q

cash crop

A

1600s;
crop produced for profit;
tobacco

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12
Q

headright system

A

1618; Virginia;
reward those who import laborers and settlers with fifty acres of land

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13
Q

House of Burgesses

A

1619; Virginia;
local governing body by English crown;
mambers make laws and levy taxes, but E. gov. or company council in London held veto power

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14
Q

veto

A

the right to block decision made by a governing body

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15
Q

Church of England

A

1600s;
national church by King Henry VIII;
property owners had to pay tax to support

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16
Q

Act of Religious Toleration

A

1649; Maryland;
granting religious freedom to all Christians

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17
Q

English Civil War

A

1600s; in E.;
caused Act of Toleration repealed

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18
Q

slave code

A

1600s;
laws restricting enslaved peoples’ rights;
due to slaveholders’ fears of rebellion

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19
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

1676; Virginia; Nathaniel Bacon;
Bacon and followers (mainly former indentured servants) upset by Virginia gov. unwillingness to send troops to intervene in conflicts between settlers and A. I.

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20
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

1500s;
formations of churches;
Martin Luther;
start in central and N.E.

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21
Q

Pilgrims

A

1600s; also Separatists;
group of E. religious dissenters who established Plymouth, Massachusetts;
aimed to cut all connections with the Church of England;
Mayflower

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22
Q

theologians

A

express ciews in songs, images, writings;
Martin Luther

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23
Q

indulgences

A

1500s, 1600s;
documents that absolved the buyer of sin

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24
Q

Protestants

A

E.;
Luther’s followers;
protest Catholic practices;
not form church yet

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25
predestination
religious belief that God has pre-determined who is worthy of salvation
26
Puritans
radical E. Protestants who hoped to reform Church of England; first in A. in Massahusetts in 1630; New England; Roger Williams: Rhode Island; Anne Hutchinson:
27
Mayflower Compact
1620; Pilgrims; Plymouth; written agreement by Pilgrims; first written constitution adopted in N.A.
28
Puritan Migration
1620s30s; mass migration of Puritans from E. to New England
29
Anglicization
1600s1700s; adoption of E. customs and traditions
30
common law
1600s1700s; law established from custom and standards set by previous judicial rulings
31
patriarchal family
1600s1700s; model of family in which fathers absolute authority over other family members
32
Pequot War
1636-1637; conflict between New England settlers, Narragansett allies, and the Pequots
33
Metacom's War
1675-1676; conflict between new England settlers and A.I.; casualties both sides high
34
Dominion of New England
1686; King James II; consolidation of NE colonies to establish greater control over; banning of town meetings, new taxes, unpopular policies
35
Glorious Revolution
1688; dissolved Dominion of new England
36
King William's War
1689-1697; F. and English in Europe; later spread to A. frontier
37
household mode of production
1600s-1700s; men help each other; women help each other
38
imperialism
policy of expanding border and increasing global power of a nation
39
subsistence farmers
1700s; farmers who grow crops for their own needs
40
Leisler's Rebellion
1689; merchant Jacob Leisler; New York; class revolt of urban artisans and landless renters against new taxes and centralized rule
41
redemptioners
1700s; immigrants who borrowed money from shipping agants to cover costs of transport to A, loans were repaid, or "redeemed" by colonial employers; redemptioners work for ther "redeemers" for some years; popular in Middle Colonies, Pennsylvania; so, far fewer jobs than job-seekers
42
Walking Purchase
1737; Pennsylvania; treaty that allow Pennsylvania to expand its boundaries at the expense of the Delaware Indians
43
mercantilism
1600s 1700s; economic system centered on maintaining a favorable balance of trade for the home country, with more gold and silver flowing in and out; heavily shaped B. colonial policy
44
Navigation Acts
1650s60s; by Parliament that prohibit smuggling, established guidelines for legal commerce and set duties on trade item; both benefit
45
consumer revolution
1600s1700s; process which status in the colonies became more closely linked to financial success and a refined lifestyle rather than birth and family pedigree; spurred by industrialization and increased global trade
46
Atlantic slave trade
47
Middle Passage
1700s; brutal second leg of the forced journey of enslaved Africans from Africa to A.; millions died before arriving
48
slave laws
series of laws that defined slavery as a distinct status based on racial identity
49
gang labor
1700s; camps where thousands of enslaved people worked under harsh conditions in "gang labor" system
50
Stono Rebellion
1739; South Carolina; uprising by enslaved people; white fear of slave revolts intensified
51
Anglo-Powhatan Wars
1620s; Virginia and Maryland; series of conflicts between Pohatan Confederacy and E. settlers
52
Tuscarora War
1710s; North Carolina Tuscarora Indians against European settlers and their allies; the Tuscaroras lost land after peace treaty and joined the Iroquois Confederacy
53
Yamasee War
1710s; led by the Yamasee; failed
54
Queen Anne's War
1700s1710s; also known as the War of the Spanish Succession; war over control of Spain and its colonies; Treaty of Utrecht
55
King George's War
1730s-1740s; between F., S., En., fought in N. America; Georgia for the English; Louisbourg to the F.
56
Enlightment
late 1600s-1700s; rational and scientific thinking over traditional religion and superstition
57
original sin
Enlightment period; Enlightment thinkers oppose this
58
New Light clergy
Enlightment period; colonial clergy who called for religious revivals and emphasized the emotional aspectsof spirtual commitment; the New Lights were leaders in the Great Awakening
59
Old Light clergy
Enlightment period; colonial clergy from established cherches who supported the religious status quo
60
Great Awakening
1720s-50s; series of religious revivals in colonial A.
61
impressment
forced enlistment of civilians into the army or navy; impressment of residents of colonial seaports into the B. navy was a major source of complaint in the 1700s
62
seditious
behavior or language aimed at starting a rebellion against a gov.
63
libel
false written statement designed to damage the reputation of its subject

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