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美史timeline Flashcards

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1
Q

1492-1650

A

Early Colonization Period

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2
Q

1492

A

Columbus arrives; begins Columbian Exchange; Spain sends conquistadors & Armada; Spain sets up encomiendas (missions like in CA & others)

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3
Q

1587

A

Sir Walter Raleigh founds Roanoke Island; disappears by 1590 “Lost Colony”

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4
Q

1588

A

England defeats Spanish Armada; England becomes superpower begins colonization soon after

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5
Q

1607

A

Jamestown founded; Joint Stock Company investor-backed; backer company Virginia Company; Captain John Smith leader; martial law instituted for survival

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6
Q

1609-1610

A

Powhatan Confederacy aides Jamestown; tobacco cash crop saves colony from extinction; Chesapeake becomes name of surrounding area; indentured servants – popular and useful

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7
Q

1618

A

Headright system; 50 acres given to plantation owner who sponsors people over to America

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8
Q

1619

A

House of Burgesses first government in colonies; white property-owning males could vote; slavery begins in the English colonies

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9
Q

1620

A

Separatists leave England, accidentally arrive in Massachusetts on Mayflower; settlement called Plymouth; Mayflower Compact government established, power not from God but from governed; received aid from local Indians

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10
Q

1629

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony founded by John Winthrop; “City on a hill”; Puritan and Calvinist ideas; example of religious intolerance; Roger Williams banished, created Rhode Island for free religion; Anne Hutchinson

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11
Q

1629-1642

A

Great Puritan Migration

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12
Q

1649-1660

A

Little immigration because England was mainly Puritan

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13
Q

1635

A

Connecticut gets charter for being a colony

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14
Q

1649

A

Act of Toleration protects Christians in Maryland

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15
Q

1685

A

New York becomes a colony; Pennsylvania founded by William Penn (Quaker); Carolina split into North and South

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16
Q

1650-1750

A

Salutary Neglect; Britain was hands-off on American colonies, gave America autonomy

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17
Q

1670’s

A

Bacon’s Rebellion over land and Indian policy; Governor Berkeley - corrupt, elite group gets best land, fail to protect backcountry farmers; Nathaniel Bacon led frontier farmers in raids against “Indians”; burned Jamestown, drove out Berkeley

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18
Q

1692

A

Salem Witch Trials; many executions due to unrest in religion, politics, and gender

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19
Q

1730’s-1740’s

A

Great Awakening; Jonathan Edwards preaches “sinners in the hands of an angry God”; George Whitefield spreads evangelical movement; outdoor sermons; shared colonial experience

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20
Q

1750-1781

A

Period of American Independence

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21
Q

1754

A

Albany Plan by Ben Franklin; inter-colonial government plans for defense; not accepted

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22
Q

1754-1763

A

Seven Years’ War (“French-Indian War”); Britain wins, leads to anti-British sentiment

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23
Q

1763

A

Proclamation of 1763 forbids colonial settlement past Appalachian Mountains; angered colonists; end of Salutary Neglect; turning point in British-Colonial relations

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24
Q

1764

A

Sugar Act to stop smuggling; Currency Act prevents colonists from printing money

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25
1765
Stamp Act; direct tax for revenue; affected everyone, especially literate and lawyers; "No taxation without representation"
26
1766
Stamp Act repealed; Declaratory Act passed – Parliament can tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the colonies
27
1767
Townshend Act; taxed goods imported from Britain; paid for government officials' salaries; created more vice-admiralty courts; suspended NY legislature; "writ of assistance" allowed British to search anywhere
28
1770
Boston Massacre; five colonists killed by British soldiers
29
1773
Boston Tea Party; protest against tea tax
30
1774
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts); closed Boston port; colonists had to house soldiers
31
1774
First Continental Congress; goals to determine grievances and address actions through boycotts
32
1775
Battles of Lexington and Concord; "shot heard ‘round the world"; 2nd Continental Congress formed and established continental army under George Washington
33
1776
Common Sense by Thomas Paine; Declaration of Independence signed
34
1778
Franco-American Alliance after the Battle of Saratoga; French join colonists' side
35
1783
Treaty of Paris ends Revolutionary War; US gains land and independence
36
1777
Articles of Confederation; first central government; lacked ability to tax, declare war, form military
37
1787
Constitutional Convention; Great Compromise, 3/5ths Compromise; Bill of Rights proposed
38
1789
Constitution becomes effective; George Washington elected first President; Cabinet created; National Bank formed
39
1791
Bill of Rights added
40
1797
XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts; Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (nullification)
41
1801
Jefferson elected; Marbury v. Madison; established Judicial Review
42
1803
Louisiana Purchase; Lewis and Clark expedition
43
1807
Embargo Act hurts US economy; Non-Intercourse Act replaces it
44
1812
War of 1812 declared against Britain; Treaty of Ghent ends war; Battle of New Orleans under Andrew Jackson
45
1817
Adams-Onis Treaty; US acquires Florida from Spain
46
1820
Missouri Compromise; Missouri becomes slave state, Maine a free state; slavery line drawn at 36°30’
47
1824
Corrupt Bargain; Henry Clay becomes Secretary of State; Andrew Jackson supporters form Democratic Party
48
1829-1837
Jackson's presidency; "Era of Common Man"; Indian Removal Act; Trail of Tears; Nullification Crisis; Jackson vetoes 2nd Bank of the United States charter
49
1830-1837
Panic of 1837; Nat Turner's Rebellion
50
1836
Whig Party forms in opposition to Democrats
51
1844
Texas annexed; James K. Polk elected
52
1845
Oregon Treaty establishes northern border with Canada; US acquires Oregon, Washington, parts of Idaho, Wyoming, Montana
53
1846
Mexican-American War begins; Wilmot Proviso defeated
54
1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends war; US acquires California, Arizona, New Mexico, and other territories
55
1850
Compromise of 1850; California admitted as a state; Fugitive Slave Law; popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico territories; slave trade abolished in DC
56
1852
Uncle Tom's Cabin published
57
1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act; repeals Missouri Compromise; leads to Bleeding Kansas and rise of Republican Party
58
1857
Dred Scott decision; Supreme Court rules African Americans are not citizens
59
1861
Civil War begins; Fort Sumter; Confederacy forms; South Carolina secedes
60
1863
Emancipation Proclamation issued; Civil War continues
61
1865
Civil War ends; Lincoln assassinated; Freedmen’s Bureau established; Reconstruction begins
62
1867
Military Reconstruction Act; South divided into military districts
63
1869
15th Amendment ratified, granting voting rights to African American men
64
1877
Compromise of 1877; Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President; ends Reconstruction in the South
65
1880s-1900
Gilded Age; Industrialization, labor strikes, political corruption, and economic disparity
66
1890
McKinley Tariff; Sherman Anti-Trust Act passed
67
1898
Spanish-American War; US defeats Spain, acquires Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
68
1901
Platt Amendment; US gains control over Cuba’s foreign affairs
69
1904
Panama Canal construction begins; Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
70
1914
World War I begins; US declares neutrality
71
1917
US enters WWI after Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman Telegram
72
1918
Armistice signed; WWI ends; Treaty of Versailles; US does not join League of Nations
73
1920s
Jazz Age; Roaring 20s; Prohibition; Women's Suffrage (19th Amendment); Harlem Renaissance
74
1929
Stock Market Crash; Great Depression begins
75
1932
Franklin D. Roosevelt elected; New Deal begins
76
1933
New Deal agencies created; FDIC, SEC, Social Security, WPA
77
1941
US enters WWII after Pearl Harbor attack
78
1944
D-Day invasion of Normandy
79
1945
WWII ends; US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
80
1947
Truman Doctrine; US supports anti-communist nations
81
1949
NATO formed; Cold War begins
82
1950-1953
Korean War; US supports South Korea
83
1960s
Civil Rights Movement; Martin Luther King Jr.; Civil Rights Act of 1964
84
1969
First moon landing; Apollo 11
85
1970s
Warsaw Pact; Detente between US and Soviet Union
86
1980s
Reaganomics; end of Cold War begins
87
1991
Persian Gulf War ends; George H. W. Bush is President
88
2001
September 11 terrorist attacks; Patriot Act passed

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