Period 2: 1607-1754

Question 1

What were the Chesapeake Colonies?

Answer 1

Virginia and Maryland; tobacco-based economy, indentured servants, then slaves

The Chesapeake Colonies were known for their reliance on tobacco cultivation, which significantly shaped their economy and labor systems.

Question 2

Which colonies are considered part of New England?

Answer 2

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

New England was characterized by its Puritan influence and town meetings as a form of self-governance.

Question 3

What is mercantilism?

Answer 3

Economic theory that colonies existed to enrich the mother country (Britain)

Mercantilism emphasized the importance of a favorable balance of trade and accumulation of precious metals.

Question 4

Define Salutary Neglect.

Answer 4

British unofficial policy of ignoring colonies’ violations of trade laws

This policy allowed the colonies to develop a degree of autonomy and self-governance.

Question 5

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

Answer 5

First representative assembly in the colonies

Established in Virginia in 1619, it marked the beginning of legislative self-government in America.

Question 6

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 6

An early step toward self-government signed in 1620

It established a basic form of democracy with the principle of majority rule.

Question 7

What was the Maryland Toleration Act?

Answer 7

Guaranteed religious tolerance for Christians

Passed in 1649, it was one of the first laws promoting religious freedom in the colonies.

Question 8

What was the outcome of Bacon’s Rebellion?

Answer 8

Led to a shift from indentured servants to African slaves

The rebellion in 1676 highlighted class tensions and the need for a more stable labor force.

Question 9

What was the Stono Rebellion?

Answer 9

Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739; led to stricter slave codes

This event reflected the growing tensions and resistance within the enslaved population.

Question 10

Who was John Winthrop?

Answer 10

Puritan leader known for the phrase ‘City upon a Hill’

He emphasized the idea of America as a model of Christian charity and moral society.

Question 11

What characterized the Southern Colonies’ economy?

Answer 11

Plantation economy focused on cash crops like tobacco and rice

The reliance on plantation agriculture shaped social and economic structures in the Southern Colonies.

Question 12

What was the First Great Awakening?

Answer 12

A religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s; challenged authority

Key figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, who emphasized personal faith and emotional connection to religion.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a brutal voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Answer 13

Middle Passage

Question 14

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 14

Enforced mercantilism; restricted colonial trade

These laws aimed to control colonial trade and ensure it benefited Britain.

Question 15

What was the role of town hall meetings in New England?

Answer 15

Democratic tradition and local governance

These meetings allowed colonists to discuss and decide on local issues, fostering civic participation.

Question 16

What was the impact of the Halfway Covenant?

Answer 16

Allowed partial church membership to boost participation

Introduced in 1662, it was a response to declining church membership and aimed to retain influence.

Question 17

True or False: The Quakers were known for their pacifist beliefs and gender equality.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What was the significance of the Pequot War?

Answer 18

Violent conflict in New England between colonists and Native Americans (1636–1638)

This war resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe and marked a turning point in colonial-Native relations.

Question 19

What was the economic focus of the Middle Colonies?

Answer 19

Grains, trade, and port cities like New York City and Philadelphia

The Middle Colonies were known as the ‘breadbasket’ due to their agricultural output.

Question 20

Who was Metacom, also known as King Philip?

Answer 20

Native American leader in King Philip’s War

He led a major resistance against New England settlers from 1675 to 1676.

Question 21

What were Slave Codes?

Answer 21

Laws restricting the behavior and movement of slaves

These codes were implemented to control enslaved populations and prevent uprisings.

Question 22

What characterized the backcountry/frontier regions?

Answer 22

More conflict with Native Americans; less hierarchy

The frontier was often a site of tension and competition for land and resources.

Question 23

What year did the Jamestown settlement begin?

Answer 23

1607

Question 24

True or False: The Puritans settled in Massachusetts Bay in 1630.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _______________ was a series of laws passed by the British Parliament to regulate colonial trade.

Answer 25

Navigation Acts

Question 26

Who was the leader of the Jamestown colony during its early years?

Answer 26

John Smith

Question 27

What was the primary cash crop that helped save Jamestown?

Answer 27

Tobacco

Question 28

In what year was the first African slaves brought to the English colonies?

Answer 28

1619

Question 29

What conflict between Native Americans and English settlers occurred in 1675?

Answer 29

King Philip's War

Question 30

Which act required colonists to provide housing and supplies for British troops?

Answer 30

Quartering Act

Question 31

Who was the famous Enlightenment thinker that influenced colonial leaders?

Answer 31

John Locke

Question 32

True or False: The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What was the primary goal of the Proclamation of 1763?

Answer 33

To prevent colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The ____________ Act of 1765 imposed a tax on printed materials in the colonies.

Answer 34

Stamp

Question 35

Which colony was established as a refuge for Catholics?

Answer 35

Maryland

Question 36

What was the significance of the Albany Plan of Union proposed in 1754?

Answer 36

It was the first proposal to unite the colonies for mutual defense.

Question 37

Who was the leader of the French forces during the French and Indian War?

Answer 37

Marquis de Montcalm

Question 38

True or False: The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the French and Indian War.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the Georgia colony in 1732?

Answer 39

To serve as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The ____________ was an economic theory that emphasized the importance of accumulating wealth through trade.

Answer 40

Mercantilism

Question 41

Which Native American leader led a rebellion against British settlers in 1763?

Answer 41

Pontiac

Question 42

What was the main purpose of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 42

To control colonial trade and ensure it benefited England.

Question 43

Who wrote 'Common Sense' in 1776, advocating for American independence?

Answer 43

Thomas Paine

Question 44

What was the primary outcome of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?

Answer 44

It highlighted the tensions between frontier settlers and the colonial government.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The ____________ was a series of conflicts between the English settlers and Native Americans in New England.

Answer 45

Pequot War

Question 46

What was the main focus of the First Great Awakening?

Answer 46

Religious revival and personal piety.

Question 47

Who was the first governor of the Plymouth Colony?

Answer 47

William Bradford