period 3 Flashcards
(81 cards)
A conflict between the British and France who allied with Natives caused by a dispute in territory of the Ohio River Valley.
Britain won, signing the Peace of Paris (1763).
Louisiana territory, once France’s, was given to Spain. British doubled land territory in North America, gaining the Ohio River Valley.
British westward expansion led to increased tensions between Natives and the Colonists. (Proclamation of 1763)
Ex: Ottawa leader Pontiac led a raid against the colonists.
French and Indian War / 7 Years War (1754-1763)
Great Britain won because the 1.2 million people in its 13 colonies outnumber the 75,000 inhabitants in New France
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended French power in North America as Britain took title to Canada, Spanish Florida, and all the French islands east of the Mississippi River
The Treaty of Paris of 1763:
The victorious end of the war sparked strong feelings of colonial pride. Having supplied 20,000 soldiers and spent over two million pounds. The colonists view themselves as important and loyal partners of the British Empire
While the British leaders also celebrated their glorious victory, the long war left Britain with a great empire and an enormous national debt that had double to 130 million pounds
The looming financial crisis forced Britain’s young and untested King George III and his first minister George Grenville to reassess their colonial policies. Greenville reached a fatal decision when he insisted that the colonies had to begin paying a fair share of the “cost of the Empire.”
French And Indian War Significance:
To keep Native and colonial tensions under control for trade and protect colonists, the British passed the proclamation which forbade colonists from settling in the Ohio River Valley.
Marks the end of salutary neglect
Land-hungry settlers ignored the Proclamation line and soon poured into Kentucky
Context:
The French defeat left Native Americans in a vulnerable position by ending long-standing trade and military alliances. Native Americans could no longer negotiate favorable agreements by playing the French and English against each other
Confident in their Superior military positions, the British was held traditional gifts of guns, powder, and lead. Unwilling to submit to the British, Chief Pontiac turned anti-british animosity into an uprising designed to expel the unwanted Redcoats from Indian lands.(pontiac’s Rebellion) The British finally suppressed Pontiac’s warriors at a cost of over 2,000 lives
Deeply frustrated the colonists who felt they were entitled to the land after winning the French and Indian War.
Proclamation of (1763)
Meeting of colonial representatives that called for a more centralized government in defence of the colonies.
After many British losses in the French and Indian War, the British government called for a congress of colonial representatives to assemble a more organized response to frontier defense and trade and westward expansion.
The Albany Congress (1754)
Benjamin Franklin proposed and called for a more centralized government for the colonies. Plan was rejected because taxes would’ve been too high.
Laid plans for future revolutionary congress.
Albany Plan of Union
Stricter enforcement of existing navigation laws, which angered colonists because they often smuggled goods to avoid such laws.
Until 1763, navigation laws were loosely enforced (salutary neglect).
Navigation Acts (1763)
Taxes on coffee, wine, and other luxury items. Also stricter enforcement of the existing Molasses Act (1733).
Sugar Act (1764)
Imperial troops can remain in a colonist’s homes even after the war ended.
Colonists were responsible for feeding and housing soldiers.
Quartering Act (1765)
Taxes on everything paper (newspapers, playing cards, contracts, etc.). It was the main push for colonists to complain about taxation without representation.
Especially threatening to the colonists who experienced declining wages and a rise in unemployment.
Colonists began complaining about taxation without representation, but British leaders said they had virtual representation (representation for classes instead of region).
Colonists were not happy as they had grown accustomed to local government.
Groups like Sons & Daughters of Liberty dedicated themselves to the repeal of the stamp act.
It did mark the beginning of an increasingly device dispute over the relationship between Parliament and the colonies
Stamp Act (1765)
27 delegates from nine colonies who assembled in New York to write a petition to the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act.
Main Reason: Taxation without representation was tyranny.
At the time, colonists were still loyal to the British Crown. British subjects were trying to obtain the full rights of British citizens.
Their nonimportation agreements brought the first of America together.
Ex: They made home made clothes and garments.
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and Sugar Act (1766). This was attributable to protests, lives of tax collectors and destruction of property in the colonies.
Stamp Act Congress (1765)
British Parliament declares they have the right to pass any law on the colonies. Due to Parliament rescinding the Stamp Act reasserting their authority over the colonies.
Declaratory Act (1766)
Taxes on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea.
This led to highly organized protests.
Their protester’s main plan was to boycott many British goods.
This was largely influenced by women because they purchased goods for the family.
Women began to spin their own cloth, making/brewing herbal tea.
Townshend Acts (1767)
A group of boys threw snow and rocks and harassed the imperial troops stationed in Boston. The tension grew and it led to a massacre. (11colonists wounded, 4 dead)
Was a sure sign of increasing British tyranny.
The Boston Massacre (1770)
50 colonists disguised as Indians boarded a merchant ship and dumped about 5 tons of British tea into the harbor.
It was a response to the Tea Act (1773). It gave the British East India Company exclusive rights to buy and ship tea in the colonies, which angered colonists who like smuggled Dutch tea.
The Boston Tea Party (1773)
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament closed down the Boston harbor until the tea was paid for.
A new quartering act came along too.
Coercive Acts (1773)
granted greater liberties to Catholics, whom the Protestant colonial majority distrusted and extended the boundaries of the Quebec Territory further impeding westward expansion
Quebec Act (1774)
A term coined by colonists to describe the “intolerable acts” British parliament passed.
Patriots began to organize themselves to protect themselves from British tyranny
The Intolerable Acts (1774)
organized by patriot leader Samuel Adams, was a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies. They provided the organization necessary to unite the colonies in opposition to Parliament. The committees sent delegates to the First Continental Congress.
Committees of Correspondence
Leaders from colonies gathered to resist further violations of their liberties at the hands of parliament. All colonies sent delegates except Georgia. Congress imposed a boycott on British goods.
The First Continental Congress (1774)
where power flowed from the people themselves.
Republic
“All human beings are endowed with certain rights by God, and not a government, and therefore a government can never take them away”
Natural Rights
“The power to govern is in the hands of the people and they willingly give over some of that power to create government capable of protecting their natural rights”
Social Contract-
“Enables the various branches to check and balance the power of the others.”
Separation of Powers
