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A-Level Chemistry > Period 3 elements and oxides > Flashcards

Period 3 elements and oxides Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical trends across period 3?

A

Na,Mg and Al- metallic
Si- metalloid
P, S & Cl- non-metal
Ar- noble gas

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2
Q

What type of reaction happens to period 3 elements?

A

Redox reactions

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3
Q

Which period 3 elements react with cold water?

A

Na, Mg and Cl

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4
Q

How does Na react with cold water?

A

Na reacts vigorously, fizzing rapidly producing a strongly alkaline solution(13-14)

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5
Q

How does Mg react with cold water?

A

Mg reacts very slowly producing a weakly alkaline solution(~10)

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6
Q

Why is Na more reactive than Mg?

A

It takes less energy to lose one electron than to lose two.

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7
Q

How does Mg react with steam?

A

Faster reaction

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8
Q

What happens when period 3 elements react with oxygen?

A

They are oxidised to their highest oxidation states (same as their group numbers) except sulfur.

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9
Q

Why is sulfur an exception when it reacts with oxygen?

A

SO2 is produced which has a +4 oxidation state

High temperature and a catalyst are needed to make SO3 where sulfur has an oxidation state of +6

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10
Q

How does Na react with oxygen?

A

It burns with a yellow flame
Vigorous
White Na2O is produced

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11
Q

How does Mg react with oxygen?

A

It burns with a bright white flame
Vigorous
MgO is produced

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12
Q

How does Al react with oxygen?

A

Slowly (faster if powdered)

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13
Q

How does Si react with oxygen?

A

Slowly

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14
Q

How does P react with oxygen?

A

Red phosphorus must be heated before it reacts with oxygen
White phosphorus spontaneously ignites in air. White smoke is given off
(Red and White P are allotropes)

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15
Q

How does S react with oxygen?

A

Burns steadily with a blue flame

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16
Q

What are allotropes?

A

Atoms of the same element arranged differently

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17
Q

What is the bonding and structure in Na2O, MgO and Al2O3?

A

They have giant ionic lattices and therefore high melting points
It is ionic bonding

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18
Q

Why does MgO have a higher melting point than Na2O?

A

Mg forms 2+ ions, so the bonds are stronger than 1+ Na ions

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19
Q

Why does that Al2O3 have a lower melting point than expected?

A

Highly charged Al3+ ions distort the oxygen electron cloud making the bonds partially covalent

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20
Q

What is the bonding and structure in SiO2?

A

It is covalent bonding

It is a macromolecular structure and therefore a high melting point(strong covalent bonds)

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21
Q

What is the bonding and structure in P4O10 and SO2?

A

It is covalent bonding
They have simple molecular structures and therefore low melting points(weak intermolecular-van der Waals and dipole-dipole)

22
Q

Which oxides of period 3 elements are acidic or alkaline?

A

Ionic oxides are alkaline

Covalent oxides are acidic

23
Q

What happens when MgO and Na2O react with water?

A

Hydroxide ions are formed

Both solutions are alkaline

24
Q

Why does NaOH make a stronger alkaline solution than Mg(OH)2?

A

NaOH is more soluble in water

25
Q

What happens when simple covalent oxides- phosphorus and sulfur- react with water?

A

They form acidic solutions with a pH 0-2

They will dissociate in solution forming hydrogen ions and a conjugate base

26
Q

Which oxides are insoluble?

A

Al2O3

SiO2

27
Q

Why is SiO2 classed as acidic?

A

It reacts with bases to form salts

28
Q

Why is Al2O3 amphoteric?

A

It can act as an acid or a base

Therefore it can react with acids and bases to form salts

29
Q

Write the equation for the reaction that occurs between amphoteric oxides and sulfuric acid

A

Al2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

30
Q

Write the equation for the reaction that occurs between amphoteric oxides,water and sodium hydroxide

A

Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) → 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)

31
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Mg and water?

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

32
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Mg and steam?

A

Mg(s) + H2O(g) → MgO(s) + H2(g)

33
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Na and oxygen?

A

2Na(s) + 0.5O2(g) → Na2O(s)

34
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Mg and oxygen?

A

Mg(s) + 0.5O2(g) → MgO(s)

35
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Al and oxygen?

A

2Al(s) + 1.5O2 → Al2O3(s)

36
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between SI and oxygen?

A

Si(s) + O2(g) → SiO2(s)

37
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between P and oxygen?

A

P4(s) + 5O2 → P4O10(s)

38
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between S and oxygen?

A

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

39
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Magnesium oxide and water and the pH?

A

MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2

pH 9-10

40
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Sodium oxide and water and the pH?

A

Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH

pH 12-14

41
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between Phosphorus pentoxide and water?

A

P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) → 4H3PO4(aq)

42
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and water?

A

SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)

43
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur trioxide and water?

A

SO3(l) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)

44
Q

What are the equations for the dissociation of sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO3(aq) → 2H+(aq) + (SO3)2-(aq)

H2SO4(aq) → 2H+(aq) + (SO4)2-(aq)

45
Q

What are the equations for the dissociation of phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4(aq) → 3H+(aq) + (PO4)3-(aq)

46
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid?

A

MgO(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

47
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

NaO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

48
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SiO3(aq) + H2O(l)

49
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between phosphorus pentoxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

P4O10(s) + 12NaOH(aq) → 4Na3PO4(aq) + 6H2O(l)

50
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

SO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)

51
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between sulfur trioxide and sodium hydroxide?

A

SO3(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

A-Level Chemistry (30 decks)

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