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Periodic Table Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What’s the crossover method?

A

Getting the 2 charges of both elements and swapping them with the other element and then cancelling them out eg
Al3 and O2= Al2O3

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2
Q

How do you balance an equation?

A

Count the number of each type of atom on the reactant and product side
Find a common factor if not balanced and multiply the whole formula by the number continue until same on each side

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3
Q

What are compound ions?

A

Ions containing more than 1 element and have a overall charge

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4
Q

What does the cross over method do?

A

Constructs chemical formulas do it has no overall charge so the positive and negative charges cancel out and written simply

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5
Q

Where are metals on the periodic table?

A

On the left hand side

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6
Q

Where are non-metals on the periodic table?

A

They are on the right side

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7
Q

What are the majority of metals ?

A

Metallic properties of the elements will therefore change from left to right

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8
Q

What typical metallic properties?

A

Sonorous, conductors of heat and electricity,ductile, high melting point, Malleable, shiny, high density

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9
Q

What are properties of non metals ?

A

Brital, low melting point, low density, insulators

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10
Q

What do elements form when reacting with oxygen?

A

Oxides

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11
Q

What happens when magnesium or metals dissolved in water?

A

They form a alkaline solution

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12
Q

What do non metals form reacting with oxygen?

A

Acidic oxides

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13
Q

What do metals form reacting with oxygen?

A

Alkaline oxides

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14
Q

What does the group number in a periodic table tel us?

A

Tells us the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom

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15
Q

What does the period number of an element say?

A

It tells us the number of shells the atoms has

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16
Q

How are atoms drawn?

A

Represented by drawing symbol of element in middle with circles around it representing shells of electrons
Electrons in shell are represented by x and are spaced n, e, s,w and doubled up

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17
Q

What does the electron configuration tell us?

A

The last number tell you the group and the amount of numbers tells you the period

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18
Q

What does a chemaical formula tell you?

A

Elements in compound and how many atoms are in each element

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19
Q

What charge do metals have?

A

Metals in group 1,2 and 3 will lose 1 ,2 or 3 electrons when reacting as it is easier to lose 3 electrons than gain 5 electrons to gain a full shell than these will form ions with a charge of 1+ 2+ or 3+

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20
Q

What are the charges of non-metals ?

A

Non metals in group 5,6,7 will gain 3,2,1 electrons when reacting as it’s easier to gain 3 than lose 5 and these will form ions with a charge of -3 -2 -1

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21
Q

What charges does each group have?

A 
Group 1 : +1 
Group2: +2 
Group 3 :+3
Group 4: no charge
Group 5: -3
Group 6:-2
Group 7: -1 
Group 0 no charge
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22
Q

What can transition metals form?

A

They can form ions with more than 1 charge the name tell us the charge eg
Copper 1

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23
Q

What happens to a non-metal in a compound ?

A

The end of it’s name changes to ide

If it reacts with oxygen then it changes to ate

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24
Q

What is the conservation of mass ?

A

The law of conservation of mass states that mass can’t be created or destroyed just changed from one type to another

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25
Why do reactions between elements occur?
Reactions occur so that they can gain a full outer shell of electrons and hence the electron configuration as a Nobel gas
26
Why are Nobel gases unreactive?
They are unreactive as they already have a full outer shell of electrons so they don’t need to lose or gain any electrons
27
Why are group 1 metals different to other metals?
They react easily with water and oxygen They are Malleable easy to cut and softer as you go down the group They produce hydrogen gas when they react they are less dense meaning they float
28
What happens when group 1 metals react with water?
React vigorously, fizz and produce hydrogen which makes lighted splints pop Float and move across surface of water and form alkaline solution turning blue
29
What’s the trend in group 1 metals ?
The metals always produce hydroxide and hydrogen gas and are more reactive as you go down the group
30
Why are group 1 metals more reactive as you go down the group?
When the metals react they lose their outer electron. The electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus. The closer the outer electron is to the nucleus the stronger the attraction. Full shells of inner electrons also shield the outer electron from the positive nucleus. The greater the number of inner shells the more sheilded and less tight the outer electron is attracted
31
What’s the displacement rule?
The more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its compound
32
What is group 7 also known as ?
The halogens
33
How can you set up a displacement reaction ?
Mix 1cm3 of halogen and 1cm 3 of halide solution in test tube recording colour change
34
How do you identify colour change?
Use cyclohexane in solution in this Chlorine is colourless Bromine is orange Iodine is pink/purple
35
What’s the trend In reactivity in group 7 ?
The further down the group the less reactive
36
What happens when halogen react ?
They form negative ions as they are taking an electron away from something else
37
why does the reactivity decrease when going down group 7?
because group 7 has 7 electrons so in reactions it needs one electron to attach on and as you go down the group you gain shells of electron so further away to nucleus therefore it is harder for an electron to attach on as there is less attraction to the nucleus like magnets
38
what is oxidisation?
loss of electrons and gain of oxygen electrons
39
what is reduction?
gain of electrons and loss of oxygen electrons
40
what is OILRIG?
``` O-oxdisation I-is L-loss of electrons R-reduction I-is G-gain of electrons ```
41
what happens when chlorine reacts with potassium bromide?
it displaces the bromine from the compound as its more reactive CL2+2KBR=2KCL+BR2
42
what do chlorine and bromine molecules form?
chlorine molecules form chlorine ions and bromine molecules form bromine ions
43
what do chlorine and bromine ions have?
they have -1 charge meaning they have 1 electron than the atom
44
how can you find if something is oxidation or reduction?
CL2+2KBR=2KCL+BR2 in this reaction the potassium plays no part in the reaction so we remove it CL2+2BR =2CL+BR2 then spilt into 2 elements Cl2-=2cl- the charge is minus so you have gain electrons as they are minus charge so it is reduction
45
what is the colour of chlorine, bromine and iodine?
chlorine= colourless bromine=pale orange iodine = brown
46
why does sodium melt into a ball when put into water?
because its melting point is low and and a lot of heat is produced during the reaction
47
why does sodium float?
because its less dense than water
48
why do group 1 metals fizz when in water?
because of the hydrogen gas produced
49
what do the group 1 metals form reacting with water?
they form metal hydroxides
50
why does sodium move around the surface of the water?
because the hydrogen isn't all given off symmetrically around the ball the sodium is pushed around
51
what properties change going down the group?
their melting and boiling points are low for metals and decrease moving down the group their densities increase going down the group
52
why do group 1 have similar properties ?
because they all have 1 electron on the outer shell
53
what happens when the halogen react with metals?
they produce a wide range of salts
54
what happens to the physical states of the halogens going down the group?
they become denser starting at gas then into liquid then solid
55
what happens to the colour of the halogens going down the group?
they become darker starting at yellow going to green orange and grey
56
what happens to the melting and boiling points going down the group?
they increase going down
57
what are the halogens examples of?
covalent molecular substances meaning the melting and boiling points increase as the relative molecular mass increase
58
what happens as the relative molecular mass increases ?
the intermolecular forces of attraction become stronger and therefore more energy must be put in to overcome these stronger forces of attraction
59
what happens when the halogens react with hydrogen?
They form hydrogen halides (all acidic and poisonous)covalently bonded
60
what is ionic reaction?
a reaction not including the spectator ions
61
whats a redox reaction?
reduction or oxidisation lossing or gaining electrons
62
what happens in oxidisation?
it oxidises the ions by taking away electrons away from it
63
how do you store group 1 metals?
in oil as they react with oxygen
64
what happens to group 1 melting and boiling points as you go down?
they decrease as density increases
65
what colour solution does chlorine and potassium iodide solution form?
brown
66
what colour solution does bromine and potassium iodide?
light brown
67
what colour solution does chlorine and potassium bromide solution form?
orange

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