unit 2

Question 1

whats the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

what’s the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

what’s the relative mass of a electron?

Answer 3

1/840

Question 4

whats the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

what’s the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

no charge

Question 6

what’s the relative mass of a electron?

Answer 6

-1

Question 7

what is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 7

there is no overall charge as the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 8

where is a proton found?

Answer 8

the nucleus in the centre of an atom

Question 9

where is a neutron found?

Answer 9

in the nucleus the centre of the atom

Question 10

where is a electron found?

Answer 10

in energy levels orbiting the nucleus

Question 11

what do all atoms of a particular element have in common?

Answer 11

the same number of protons

Question 12

what do atoms of different elements have?

Answer 12

different number of protons

Question 13

what does the proton number of an element say?

Answer 13

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 14

what does the mass number tell us?

Answer 14

the combined number of protons and neutrons

Question 15

what will the number of electrons always be equal to?

Answer 15

the proton number

Question 16

how do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 16

you subtract the proton number from the man number

Question 17

what do electrons occupy?

Answer 17

particular energy levels (particular shells)

Question 18

how do electrons fill atoms?

Answer 18

the shells fill in order and the 2nd shell can only fill once the 1st shell is full and so on

Question 19

what are isotopes?

Answer 19

are atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons (and electrons) but a different number of neutrons

Question 20

what is an example of an isotope?

Answer 20

hydrogen has 3 isotopes with mass numbers of 1,2 and 3 respectively. the atomic number of hydrogen is 1

Question 21

how do you know what group a elements in ?

Answer 21

you look at the electron configuration and the number of electrons in the last shell is the group number except if it’s an ion

Question 22

what are ions ?

Answer 22

charged particles

Question 23

how are they formed?

Answer 23

when atoms either lose or gain electrons this happens when atoms bond together to from compounds

Question 24

how are positive ions formed?

Answer 24

when atoms lose negative electrons

Question 25

how are negative ions formed?

Answer 25

when atoms gain negative electrons

Question 26

what is the size of charge equal to?

Answer 26

equal to the number of electrons which are lost or gained

Question 27

whats an example of an ion?

Answer 27

if an atom of sodium loses one electron it forms a Na+ ion. if an oxygen atom gains 2 electrons then it forms the O2- ion

Question 28

why do elements form ions?

Answer 28

cause they are more stable and the ion will have the same electron configuration as a nobel gas

Question 29

what does the electron configuration say about the electrons?

Answer 29

if the electron configuration adds up to 18 then the amount of electrons is 18. if there are 10 electrons then the electron configuration must be 2.8.

Question 30

what is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 30

is the average mass of a sample taking into account the amount of the naturally occurring isotopes. it is relative to the mass of 1/12 of a C12 atom

Question 31

how do you calculate Ar (relative atomic mass)?

Answer 31

you need to know 1. how many isotopes the element has 2. the mass of each isotope 3. the abundance (how much) of each isotope you then times the abundance (as a multiplier as it's a percentage) by the mass of each isotope and add each isotope togther

Question 32

whats an example of working out the Ar?

Answer 32

chlorine has 2 isotopes 35Cl and 37Cl the abundance of each is 75% and 25%. 75% of 35 is 26.25 25% of 37 is 9.25 26.25+9.25 = 35.5

Question 33

what does the group number tell you?

Answer 33

how many electrons are in the outer shell

Question 34

what does the period number tell you?

Answer 34

the number of shells of electrons the atoms

Question 35

whats an example of electron configuration telling us about the element?

Answer 35

2.8.3 tells us it's in group 3 as the last shell is 3 and period 3 as it has 3 shells of electrons

Question 36

how are atoms drawn?

Answer 36

the symbol for the element in the middle and and circles around it representing the shells and electrons are represented with an x and are spaced n e s w

Question 37

how do you work out the amount of protons and electrons( not including isotopes)?

Answer 37

the number of protons and electrons are equal to the atomic number e.g. atomic number is 15 the amount of electrons and protons is 15

Question 38

what is the number on the top and what is the number on the bottom of an element?

Answer 38

the number on the top is relative atomic mass and the number on the bottom is the atomic(proton number)

Question 39

how can you tell if an element is an ion?

Answer 39

the symbol has a plus or minus above it, the number of electrons is different, the number of electrons on the last shell isn't the group number, if the electron configuration dosen't add up to the amount of protons

Question 40

what group is an element in if the last shell has 8 electrons in it?

Answer 40

group 0

Question 41

how do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 41

subtract the proton number from the mass number

Question 42

how do you work out the number infront of the symbol when it's an ion?

Answer 42

you do the number of protons minus the electrons

Question 43

why are noble gases so unreactive?

Answer 43

ue to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore, they rarely react with other elements since they are already stable.