Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the CNS consists of the

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

the PNS consists of

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia

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3
Q

a ganglion is a

A

collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

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4
Q

sensory innervation brings information

A

to the CNS from the environment

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5
Q

motor innervation sends instructions

A

from the CNS to muscle and glands

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6
Q

glands

A

specialized sections of epithelia which secrete something

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7
Q

bell bodies of motor neurons are found within the

A

CNS

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8
Q

cell bodies of sensory neurons are found

A

outside of the brain and spinal cord in ganglia

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9
Q

sensory neuron cell body is in the middle of

A

2 axons

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10
Q

somatic innervation concerns the

A

body wall

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11
Q

example of somatic innervation

A

innervation of skeletal muscle and skin

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12
Q

visceral innervation concerns the

A

internal organs

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13
Q

example of visceral innervation

A

innervation of the heart

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14
Q

the functional dichotomies of the nervous system intersect as

A

body wall:
somatic sensory
somatic motor

internal organs:
visceral sensory
visceral motor

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15
Q

somatic motor innervation target tissue

A

skeletal muscle

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16
Q

somatic motor innervation control is usually

A

conscious (voluntary)

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17
Q

in somatic motor innervation, one neuron connects the CNS to

A

the target muscle

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18
Q

neurons have to be long because

A

the spinal cord has to connect to the limbs

3-4 ft

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19
Q

somatic sensory innervation carries sensory information about the

A

external environment

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20
Q

somatic sensory innervation carries information from the (2)

A

skin and musculoskeletal system

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21
Q

somatic sensory innervation is usually perceived

A

consciously

ex. temp of the room, pressure of the seat

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22
Q

in somatic sensory innervation, how many neurons connect the site of stimulus to the CNS?

A

1

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23
Q

examples of somatic sensory stimuli (5)

A
pain from cutting, tearing, crushing, inflammation, or burning (heat or chemical)
temperature
touch
pressure
vibration
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24
Q

for somatic sensory stimuli, think of stimuli that can be

A

felt by the skin

25
Q

notochord marks the

A

midline of the embryo

26
Q

paraxial mesoderm gives rise to (3)

A

bone
skeletal muscle
dermis

27
Q

mesoderm

A

generalized tissue which will make the body wall

28
Q

the paraxial mesoderm is a

A

continuous column that runs on either side of the notochord

29
Q

– pairs of somites

A

37

30
Q

the 37 pairs of somites:

A
4 occipital 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3 coccygeal
31
Q
  • pairs of somitomeres
A

7

32
Q

dermamyotome gives rise to

A

dermis and skeletal muscle

33
Q

sclerotome gives rise to

A

bone (hard)

34
Q

the epiaxial dermamyotome is closer to the

A

midline
smaller
close to the central axis of the body

35
Q

hypaxial dermamyotome is

A

below the axis

larger

36
Q

dermamytotome=

A

dermatome (dermis)

myotome (muscle)

37
Q

the epaxial dermamyotomes give rise to all of the

A

intrinsic (deep) back muscles as well as the dermis that covers them
*they give rise to nothing else

38
Q

the hypaxial dermamyotomes give rise to

A

all of the other skeletal muscle and dermis below the neck, including the limbs
*everything else

39
Q

innervation and blood supply must be available to each

A

individual somite

40
Q

epaxial and hypaxial dermamyotomes have separate

A

blood supplies

41
Q

the spinal cord is functionally

A

segmented

42
Q

each level of the spinal cord has

A

cell bodies that serve the tissues that originate from the same level, including a somite pair

43
Q

each somite pair is associated with a pair of

A

spinal nerves

44
Q

each spinal nerve is associated with a pair of

A

somites

45
Q

spinal nerves are numbered from

A

superior to inferior

46
Q

why is there 37 somites but only 31 spinal nerves?

A

somites at the extreme ends do not have spinal nerve innervation (occipital and tail end)

47
Q

S5 and Co1 spinal nerves are

A

dermatome only

48
Q

all spinal nerves have

A

somatic sensory components

49
Q

all spinal nerves have somatic motor components, except

A

S5 and Co1

50
Q

parasympathetics are only found in the spinal nerves

A

S2-S4

51
Q

there is a one-neuron pathway between the spinal cord and the target, which is

A

skeletal muscle

52
Q

cell bodies are in the

A

ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter

53
Q

somatic motor axons leave the spinal cord via the

A

ventral roots of spinal nerves

54
Q

because the muscles supplied by a spinal cord segment supply muscle from different embryonic primordia, each spinal nerve has to branch into a

A

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

55
Q

intrinsic (deep) back muscles are derived from

A

epaxial dermamyotomes

56
Q

intrinsic (deep) back muscles are supplied by

A

dorsal rami

57
Q

all other skeletal muscles below the head are derived from

A

hypaxial dermemyotomes

58
Q

all other skeletal muscles below the head are supplied by

A

ventral rami