Peripheral Nervous system Flashcards by Yuri Diaz

_____- White matter of the PNs contains bundles of axons enclosed in connective tissue wrappings.

Nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the sturcture of nerves?

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of structure of nerve is this?

_____-surrounds individual axons

Endoneurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of structure of nerve is this?

_____-surrounds bundles of axons called fascicles

Perineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of structure of nerve is this?

_____-surrounds entire nerve

Epineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many pairs of nerves cranial nerves that carry information in out of the brain are there?

12 pairs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-(CNI): sensory- carries the sense of smell (olfaction).
*Foramen (F): cribriform foramina

Olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-(CNII): sensory- carries the sense of vision
* F: optic canal

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-(CNIII): motor- excites most extraocular muscles (including medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique), excites levator palpebrae superioris, carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate intraocular muscles (ciliary muscles, and circular pupillary constrictor muscles of the iris).
* F: superior orbital fissure

Oculomotor nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____- (CNIV): motor- excites the superior oblique extraocular muscles
 F: Superior Orbital Fissure

Trochlear nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
\_\_\_\_\_-(CNV): both sensory and motor- carries the sense of touch from the face and excites the muscles of mastication including the masseter and temporalis
Three major braches of:
*Opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
*Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
*Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve .

Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve .

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of branches of the trigeminal nerve is this?
_____- sensory from superior facial region including ortbits,
 F: superior orbital fissure

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of branches of the trigeminal nerve is this?
_____-sensory from middle facial skin including superior oral region
 F: foramen rotundum

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of branches of the trigeminal nerve is this?
_____-motor to masseter and temporalis
 F: foramen ovale

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve .

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____- CNVI): motor-lateral rectus extraocular muscles
 F: Superior Orbital Fissure

Abducens nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-(CNVII): both sensory and motor- carries the sense of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tonuge and excites the muscles of facial expression including frontalis, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate the lacrimal gland, sublingual salivary gland and submandibular salivary gland.
 F: Internal Acoustic Meatus and Stylomastoid Foramen

Facial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-(CNVIII): sensory- carries the sense of hearing (audition)
 F: Internal acoustic meatus

Vestibulocochlear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-CN IX): both sensory and motor- carries the sense of taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, sense of touch from the posterior tongue and pharynx, sense of blood pressure and sense of blood gas concentrations from arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors located in the carotid sinus, and excites muscles of the pharynx important for swallowing, and carries parasympathetic efferent fibers that stimulate the parotid salivary gland.
 F: Jugular foramen

Glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____-CNX): both sensory and motor- sensory information from visceral organs, sense of blood pressure and gas concentrations from arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch, carries the majority of parasympathetic efferent fibers that regulate visceral organs.
 F: Jugular foramen

Vagus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
______-(CNXI): motor- excites the trapezius and deltoids.
 F: Jugular foramen

Accessory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of cranial nerve is this?
_____- CNXII): motor- excites muscles that move the tongue including genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus.
 F: Hypoglossal canal

Hypoglossal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___-gray matter in the PNS

Ganglia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____- bulge on dorsal root, contains soma of pseudounipolar sensory neurons.
 Afferent fibers travel in to the spinal cord through the dorsal root.
All Spinal Nerves Have both afferent (sensory) & efferent (motor) fibers

Dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____-forms by the fusion of ventral and dorsal nerve roots.

Trunk of a spinal nerve

______-correlates with the numbering of the intervertebral foramen where they exit the vertebral column.

Numbering of Spinal Nerve Roots/Trunks

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerve trunks are there?

8 pairs of cervical spinal nerve trunks

Where does C1 travels?

Above atlas

Where does C2-C7 travels?

number corresponds to the vertebral bone immediately inferior to the spinal nerve trunk

Where does C8 travels?

immediately superior to T1.

How are the Thoracic, Lumbar, and sacral spinal nerve trunks numbered?

according to the vertebral bone immediately inferior to the foramen they exit through.

____-spinal nerves branch shortly after exiting out of the intervertebral foramen.

Distribution of nerves

_____-small branch that curves posteriorly and innervates the skin and muscles of the posterior regions of the body

Dorsal ramus

_____-large branch that curves anteriorly and innervates the anterior trunk and the limbs

Ventral ramus

_____- interlacing nerve network formed by several ventral rami that join together then branch again.

Plexus

____-forms from C1 – C5, innervates skin and muscles of the neck and shoulder

Cervical plexus

____-forms from ventral rami of C3-C5, excites the diaphragm

Phrenic nerve

_____-forms from C5 – T1, innervates pectoral girdle and arm  Spinal nerves trunks C5-T1 are called the ____of the brachial plexus that converge to form 3 ____ of the brachial plexus: Superior (C5- C6), Middle (C7), & Inferior (C8-T1)  Each trunk divides into 2 ____-: Anterior & Posterior divisions  These six divisions unite to form 3 cords: lateral cord medial cord posterior cord

Brachial plexus * Roots * Trunks * Divisons

What are the six divisions unite to form 3 cords?

lateral cord medial cord posterior cord

What type of the six divisions unite to form 3 cords is this? _____-formed from anterior divisions of superior & middle trunks

lateral cord

What type of the six divisions unite to form 3 cords is this? _____-formed by anterior division of inferior trunk

medial cord

What type of the six divisions unite to form 3 cords is this? _____-formed by union of all 3 posterior divisions

posterior cord

Cords give rise to _____ of the brachial plexus that form the specific peripheral nerves that travel through the upper limb

Branches

_____-travels down the medial brachial and antebrachial regions innervates: Flexors of medial forearm and hand; flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus  Forms from C8-T1 by way of the medial cord

Ulnar nerve

_____-travels down the anterior brachial and antebrachial regions just lateral to the ulnar nerve, innervates: Flexors of lateral forearm, and hand; flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis  Forms from C6-T1by way of the lateral and medial cords

Median nerve

_____-travels down the anterior of the brachial region deep to biceps brachii and superficial to brachialis, innervates: Flexor arm muscles; biceps brachii & brachialis  Forms from C5-C7 by way of the lateral cor

Musculocutaneous

_______-travels down the posterior lateral brachial and antebrachial regions, innervates: Arm and forearm extensor muscles; extensor carpi or digitorum  Forms from C5-T1 by way of the posterior cord

Radial nerve

_____-travels through axillary region, innervates: Deltoid, Teres Minor  Forms from C5-C6 by way of the posterior cord

Axillary nerve

______12 – L4, innervates lower abdomen, medial and anterior portions of the thigh

Lumbar plexus

____-travels down anterior femoral region (thigh); innervates quadriceps femoris  Forms from L2-L4

Femoral nerve

____-travels down medial femoral region, innervates adductor magnus, adductor longus  Forms from L2-L4

Obturator nerve

_____L4 – S4, innervates lateral and posterior portions of femoral and sural regions

Sacral plexus

_____-largest nerve in the body, travels down the posterior femoral region; Excites hamstrings o Forms from L4-S3

Sciatic nerve

Sciatic nerve branches ? | There is two

Tibial nerve | and Common fibular nerve

Sciatic nerve branch | _____-innervates posterior compartment of lower leg; gastrocnemius & soleus

Tibial nerve

Sciatic nerve branch Common fibular branches into: __________ fibular nerve – innervates lateral compartment of leg (fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles) ____________ fibular nerve – innervates anterior compartment of lower leg, dorsi flexors and toe extensors; tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus

* *Superficial fibular nerve | * **Deep fibular nerve

Of PSN ________-Controls skeletal muscles, voluntary  Muscles must be excited or they are inactive (On or off)  One motor neuron extends from the CNS all the way to the effector muscle

Somatic nervous system

Of PSN _____- Regulates glands, smooth and cardiac muscles, involuntary  Two neuron chain between the CNS and the effector  Preganglionic neuron - cell body lies in the CNS and axon extends to an autonomic ganglia in the PNS; myelinated  Postganglionic neuron - cell body lies in the autonomic ganglia and axon extends to effector organ; unmyelinated

Autonomic nervous system

Of PSN Autonomic nervous system _____-cell body lies in the CNS and axon extends to an autonomic ganglia in the PNS; myelinated

Preganglionic neuron

Of PSN Autonomic nervous system ; _____-cell body lies in the autonomic ganglia and axon extends to effector organ; unmyelinated

Postganglionic neuron

Of PSN _____-fight or flight, enables body to cope rapidly when excited, frightened, or during exercise and emergency situations  increases heart rate and blood pressure  activates sweat glands  pupils dilate  liver releases glucose to meet increased energy needs

sympathetic autonomic division

Of PSN ____-rest and digest, dominant in nonstressful situations, conserves energy and directs maintenance activities such as digestion and excretion  Blood to visceral organs – increase digestive tract mobility  pupil constriction  glandular secretion - digestive  BP, HR, and respiratory rates are at low normal levels

Parasympathetic autonomic division

_____:Most visceral organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers Both divisions counterbalance each other by continuously making adjustments The ANS either further excites or inhibits the organs activity, not turning it on or off

Dual innervation

Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System : Sympathetic division _____ origin-preganglionic fibers emerge from thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve roots (T1-L2).  Length of pre and postganglionic fibers: Short preganglionic, Long postganglionic

Thoracolumbar

Autonomic Nervous System : Sympathetic division Location of ganglia: ________- ganglia- lateral to bodies of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, contains soma of “postganglionic” sympathetic motor neurons that are postsynaptic to the preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons.  Sympathetic efferent fibers travel from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord out through the ventral root, then through the white ramus connecting to the ganglion.

Paravertebral ganglia "chain ganglia"

Autonomic Nervous System : Sympathetic division Location of ganglia: ______ ganglia – anterior to the vertebral column

Collater ganglia "Prevertebral ganglia"

Nervous System : Sympathetic division Location of ganglia: ______ medulla- endocrine gland directly stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.  These cells release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) into the blood stream to function as hormones

Adrenal medulla

Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympathetic division : __________origin – preganglionic fibers emerge from brainstem and sacral regions (through cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves.  Length of pre and postganglionic fibers: Long preganglionic, Short postganglionic  Location of ganglia – close to target organ *Terminal ganglia – very close to target organ * Intramural ganglia – within the walls of the target organ

Carniosacral origin