Personailty Flashcards
Define personailty.
A unique psychological makeup
Explain the relationship between nature and nurture.
Aspects of a player teammates personality will be stable, innate and enduring (Nature, Trait Theory) whilst other parts will be developed by learning from others (Nurture, Social Learning Theory).
A) Explain the Trait Theory.
B) What is the problem with the Trait Theory
A)
- We are born with innate characteristics
- They are stable, consistent and enduring
- Attempts to profile the individual
- Extroverted people will always give their opinion and be loud
- Young performers tend to be rash and reckless but older/experienced players are calm and focused.
B)
- A problem with this is personality change
- Personality can change with situations, we can develop our personalities with experience
Give an example of the Trait Theory in a sport.
David Beckham:
He was petulant in the 1998 World Cup which led to him being sent off after receiving a red card but he focused in the 2002 World Cup and didn’t make the same mistake
Explain the Social Learning Approach.
- Suggests behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation.
- We learn from people we hold in high esteem = role models, friends, parents, teachers etc.
- We copy behaviour that we see as successful and powerful that is consistently shown to us.
- We copy when it is reinforced (especially positively)
Define socialisation.
Developing personality traits by asssociating and leraning from others.
What are the two types of socialisation?
Primary - from our family
Secondary - schools, media etc.
Define vicarious learning.
Occurs when a person is motivated to learn by watching someone else work and be rewarded. People are motivated to imitate models who are highly competent, expert and receive attractive reinforces.
Observe - Identify - Reinforced - Copy.
Explain the Interactionist Perspective.
- A theory which combines Trait and Social Learning Theory to predict behaviour in a specific situation.
- This indicated that born traits are adapted according to the situation.
- It’s summarised by the formula: B = f(P X E)
- This suggests that behaviour is a function of personality and environment.
- Behaviour is adapted to the environment so change the environment = change the behaviour.
- Accounts for behaviour change.
- Leads to stable behaviour in certain situations.
Explain the Hollander Approach to Interactionist Theory.
- Suggests that perosnilty is made up of three features.
1 - The Core - Values and core beliefs of the individual.
2 - Typcial Responses - The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations.
3 - Role Related Behaviour - Suggests that a performer may adapt or adopt a very specific role when the situation demands.
It was also suggestsed that the more the environment has an influence, the more likely that behaviour is to change.
Give an example of the Hollander Approach in a sport.
In football:
The Core - Hard working competitor
Typical Responses - Loves to attack and works hard to create overlaps
Role Realated Behaviour - Tight games they track back and defend more.
This would indicate that environment does affect behaviour.
Define Credulous Approach.
You believe the theories.
You accept a link that personality can predict behaviour.
Define Sceptical Approach.
You don’t believe the theories. You doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour.
How can the Interactionist Perspective improve performance?
1 - The coach could predict potential aggressive or unacceptable behaviour - they could remove the player beofre and sending off occurs.
2 - The coach could rereate these situations during training to allow the player to become accustomed to them in games. A nervous player could train in fron tof a crowd.
3 - The coach could try to change player behaviour by encouraging the okayer to adaot to circumstances. Calm the anxiour player down before they take a penalty.
4 - If a player understand their behaviours they can monitor and adapt themselves.
5 - Core values may be hard to alter so need to be reinforced by significant others ie; coach, captain etc.
How can you measure personality?
Questionnaire
Observation
Interview
