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A-level History - America > personal freedoms & civil rights (for sources) > Flashcards

personal freedoms & civil rights (for sources) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Jim Crow laws introduced in Old South after …

A

1877

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2
Q

Plessy vs. Ferguson … - ‘separate but equal facilities’ equal

A

1896

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3
Q

(pre-1955) … black Ams unable to vote

A

80%

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4
Q

… … year old Emmett Till murdered in Mississippi

A

1955
14

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5
Q

NAACP (…) created …

A

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
1909

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6
Q

Brown vs Topeka Board of Education

A

1954

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7
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott … - started by Rosa Parks …

A

1955-56
1st Dec 1955

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8
Q

… black community joined bus boycott, company lost … revenue - case … made segregation buses illegal

A

85%
65%
Browder vs. Gayle 1956

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9
Q

Little Rock campaign … - … black students enrolled at Central High School, opposed by local Governor …

A

1957
9
Faubus

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10
Q

Greensboro sit ins … spread to … more states with … people, profits dropped …

A

1960
6
over 70,000
1/3

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11
Q

Freedom Rides … = tested … ruling against segregation interstate bus services

A

1961
Boynton vs Virginia 1960

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12
Q

University of Mississippi James Meredith …, Governor … refused

A

1962
Ross Barnett

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13
Q

Birmingham Campaign …, only … pop registered to vote

A

1963
10%

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14
Q

(Birmingham) taunted Police Chief … -> .. police attacked with fire hoses & imprisoned … black children, Soviet media … radio time to protest

A

‘Bull’ Connor
3rd May
1,300
1/5

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15
Q

March on Washington …, … people, … white

A

Aug 1963
250,000
20%

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16
Q

Civil Rights Act … = banned exclusion public places, Attorney-General could file law suits to speed up desegregation, … set up

A

1964
Fair Employment Practices Commission

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17
Q

Mississippi Freedom Summer … organised by …, … black pop had been registered

A

1964
SNCC member Robert Moses
under 5%

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18
Q

(Mississippi Freedom Summer) … homes & … black churches firebombed, … civil rights workers abducted & killed, only … out of … successfully registered

A

30
37
3
1,600
17,000

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19
Q

Selma Campaign … … pop black, … registered to vote, police led by …

A

1965
57%
less than 1%
Sheriff Jim Clark

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20
Q

Selma … march to Montgomery, by finish (3rd attempt) … people joined

A

50 mile
25,000

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21
Q

Voting Rights Act … - black Ams elected to office increased 6 fold … & doubled …

A

1965
1965-69
1969-80

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22
Q

by 1968 even Mississippi had … black pop registered to vote

A

59%

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23
Q

early 60s only … black students graduated high school, … white students

A

32%
56%

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24
Q

early 60s black Ams … of pop, … of unemp

A

11%
46%

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25
Harlem Riot ... 15 year old ...shot 7 killed by police -> ... nights rioting & looting by ... New Yorkers
1964 James Powell 6 nights 4,000
26
Watts Riot ... = ... days looting & arson, ... deaths, ... property damage, (... members Cali Army Nat Guard needed to help police)
1965 6 34 over $40mil nearly 4,000
27
Chicago Freedom Movement ... - only ... of estimated ... attended rally in ..., Mayor ... cut off water to western ghetto during heatwave
1966 30,000 100,000 June Richard Daley
28
Poor People's Campaign ...
1968
29
Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike ...
1968
30
King's assassination ... - ... joined procession, violence in ... cities across ... states
4th April 1968 50,000 130 29
31
Albany campaign ... local police chief ...
1962 Laurie Pritchett
32
'pupil placement plan' created in ... in response to Brown ruling
Mississippi
33
The Southern Manifesto signed by ... congressmen & senators in ...
100 1956
34
... Civil Rights Act = Strom Thurmond ... filibuster -> amended
1957 over 24hr
35
MLK's house bombed by KKK in ... & motel room during ...
1956 Birmingham campaign
36
... NAACP secretary for Mississippi assassinated ..., killer never brought to trial
Medgar Evers 1963
37
first White Citizens' Council set up in Mississippi ..., by ... membership = ...
1954 1956 250,000
38
Malcolm X assassinated ...
1965
39
Mexico City Olympics ... - men's ... medal ceremony ... made Black Power salute wearing black leather gloves
1984 400m Tommy Smith & John Carlos
40
... formed all-black band using non-Western instruments
Miles Davis
41
Nation of Islam established ...
1930
42
Black Panthers founded in ... in Oakland by ...
1966 Huey P. Newton & Bobby Seale
43
Black Panthers only ... members in ... loosely affiliated urban chapters but newspaper circulation ... by ... & ... clinics advising on health, welfare & legal rights
5,000 30 ~250,000 1969 over 40
44
Black Panthers in decline by ..., ... alone ... members killed by police in shootouts
1972 1969 28
45
Stokely Carmichael leader of SNCC from ..., wrote book Black Power ..., SNCC expelled white members
1966 1967 Dec 1966
46
... speech by Rap Brown (new SNCC chairperson) in ... -> race riot
1967 Cambridge, Maryland
47
... Floyd McKissik chairperson of CORE, by ... 'multiracial' removed from constitution & ... whites excluded
1966 1967 summer 1968
48
Mex Ams working seasonally only employed average ... days/year & Chicano families = ... Californian welfare cases
134 80%
49
LULAC = ...
League of the United Latin Am Citizens
50
Cesar Chavez set up ... - membership ... in ... -> ... in ...
National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) 200 1962 over 1,200 1965
51
La Huelga = ... strike from ..., involved ... farm workers against California's ...
5 year 1965 over 10,000 San Joaquin Valley grape growers
52
NFWA joined forces with ... to create ...
Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (union of Filipino farm workers) United Farm Workers (UFW)
53
Chavez organised ... march The Pilgrimage to offices Governor of Cali
340-mile
54
... nat boycott of grapes (help of Senator R K) supported by ... Ams at peak
1966 17mil
55
... Schenley Vineyards negotiated fair contract with farm workers & by ... Delano grape producers forced to bring pay up to nat min wage
1966 1970
56
California Agricultural Labor Relations Act ... gave agricultural unions legal rights
1975
57
by late 80s UFW members only harvested ... grapes
10%
58
... Mex Am Political Association (MAPA) created = voter registration & support running for public office -> MAPA President ... elected to HofR ...
1960 Edward Roybal 1962
59
YCCA = ..., involved in Chicano blowouts of ...
Youth Chicanos for Community Action 1968
60
by 1963 ... women worked in lower paying & routine jobs or cleaners/hospital attendants
75%
61
early 60s women ... teachers only ... principals, ... doctors & ... lawyers
80% 10& 7% 3%
62
... states refused to allow female jurors, ... = women couldn't enter financial agreement without male co-signatory
18 6
63
Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique ... - break out of ...
1963 'comfortable concentration camp'
64
... Friedan & others formed Nat Organisation for Women (NOW) - unhappy ... refused to enforce ...
gov's Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) Title VII of 1964 CRA
65
NOW produced Bill of Rights for Women ... & gained nat attention in ... for flight attendants fight (could e fired for marriage or turning ...)
1968 1967 32
66
NOW organised nat women's strike in ... = ... women
1970 ~100,000 women
67
J. exec order in ... outlawed sexual discrim in companies working for gov
1967
68
NOW fought ... discrim cases & won ... in back pay by ...
over 1,000 $13mil 1971
69
Equal Rights Amendment ... never ratified
1972
70
N vetoed Child Development Act ..., would have been nat system healthcare for poor working mothers
1971
71
1960 ... women felt discriminated against, ... by ...
1/4 2/3 1974
72
NY Radical Feminists established by ...
Shulasmith Firestone
73
Ti-Grace Atkinson left NOW in ... to form ... in NYC
1968 The Feminists
74
NYRW organised protest ... women against Miss Am pageant ...
over 100 1968
75
1963-72 sexual liberation
.

A-level History - America (11 decks)

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