Thresholds economy (for sources)

Question 1

wartime years … national income, wealth & industrial production …

Answer 1

1941-45
more than doubled

Question 2

by … full employment

Answer 2

1945

Question 3

(1955) working & middle class Ams tended to buy … = … average family income

Answer 3

Chevrolets & Fords
~2/5

Question 4

by … … Ams owned at least 1 car

Answer 4

1960
75%

Question 5

companies changed styles & facilities e.g. … -> during 50s … cars discarded every year

Answer 5

colours, chrome-painted metal parts, white-walled tyres, air con
~7mil

Question 6

(cars) wealthy white men favoured …

Answer 6

Lincolns & Cadillacs

Question 7

Detroit = hub - …

Answer 7

General Motors, Ford & Chrysler

Question 8

(~50s) … Ams worked in industry related to car manufacture

Answer 8

1 in 7

Question 9

on-the-road culture = … first Holiday Inn, by … … McDonald’s

Answer 9

1952
1960
228

Question 10

first Levittown in … … -> by … … Ams in suburbs

Answer 10

Long Island
1947
1970
80mil

Question 11

National Interstate & Defences Highway Act … = … year … programme to create network … interstate highways

Answer 11

1956
10
$25bn
42,500 miles

Question 12

… white-collar workers (associated with …) outnumbered blue-collar for first time

Answer 12

1956
office work & service industries

Question 13

1960 2x as many women in work as … & … all women over … held job

Answer 13

1940
40%
16

Question 14

Korean War … -> defence spending = …

Answer 14

1950-53
‘military-industrial complex’

Question 15

1960 … more purchasing power than …

Answer 15

30%
1950

Question 16

… Life magazine = teenagers owned … record players & spent … on entertainment in …

Answer 16

1959
10mil
over $1.5bn
1958

Question 17

(~50s) teenagers = … glasses ice cream per year

Answer 17

145mil

Question 18

(~50s) … 18-19 year old girls married

Answer 18

1/3

Question 19

Federal Housing Administration & Veteran Administration offered mortgages up to … & up to … to pay back at low interest

Answer 19

90%
30 years

Question 20

… … = first credit card

Answer 20

1950
Diner’s Club

Question 21

by … mail order company … had … customers bought on credit

Answer 21

1960
Sears Roebuck
10mil

Question 22

‘Sun Belt’ cities = …

Answer 22

Dallas, San Diego, LA, Houston, Miami

Question 23

by 1960 median income white family …, non-white family …

Answer 23

~$5,800
~$3,200

Question 24

escape rural poverty & racial discrim = USA’s largest … cities gained … non-white residents in 50s

Answer 24

12
18mil

Question 25

recessions: ..., ... & ...

Answer 25

1974-75 1980 1981-82

Question 26

*(70s) inflation average ... ... -> ... ...

Answer 26

8.2% 1973-83 13.4% 1980

Question 27

(70s) ... poll = ... Ams considered inflation greatest concern

Answer 27

1978 63%

Question 28

*(70s) unemp ... by ...

Answer 28

8.9% May 1975

Question 29

(70s) Rust Belt = previously well-paid -> unemp e.g. ... & ...

Answer 29

car manufacturing in Detroit steel production in Pennsylvania

Question 30

(70s) manufacturing provided ... jobs Pennsylvania in ... -> ... in ...

Answer 30

46% 1951 24% 1977

Question 31

(70s) ... world's pop US consumed ... world's oil production = ... had to be imported

Answer 31

6% 1/3 ~30%

Question 32

*Yom Kippur War ... = global oil prices rose ..., Am. consumers paid ... more for heating oil & petrol

Answer 32

1973 4x ~30%

Question 33

(70s) ... gas shortages = closure schools/factories, fuel stations cut hours

Answer 33

winter 1976-77

Question 34

... Islamic revolution in Iran = oil ... a barrel ... -> ... in ...

Answer 34

1979 $3 1973 $34 1979

Question 35

(70s) US still produced ... world's goods but ... (period) industrial productivity only rose ... - W Germany & Japan ...

Answer 35

25% 1972-78 1% 4-5%

Question 36

(70s) competition - Japanese electronics ..., European electronics ... & European aerospace technology ...

Answer 36

Hitachi, Sony, Toshiba Philips & Siemens Sud Aviation

Question 37

... 3rd biggest car company ... needed ... gov. bailout

Answer 37

1980 Chrysler $1.5bn

Question 38

((70s)trade defecit ... by ...)

Answer 38

~$40bn 1978-79

Question 39

(F) WIN (...) ... - voluntary measures

Answer 39

Whip Inflation Now 1974

Question 40

(F) Energy Policy & Conservation Act ...

Answer 40

1975

Question 41

(C) Public Works Act ... = ... public works programme & expanded tax credits for low income families with children

Answer 41

1977 $4bn

Question 42

(C) National Energy Plan ... & National Energy Act ... tried radical proposals e.g. ... = Senators rejected much as not consulted, hostility business community, voters didn't want to change lifestyles

Answer 42

1977 1978 higher taxes on large cars, oil conservation, alternative power sources

Question 43

(C) Dep of Energy ... = speed limits & alternative energy -> US energy consumption fell ... ...

Answer 43

1977 10% 1979-83

Question 44

(C) Airline Deregulation Act ... abolished ..., same principle applied to ...

Answer 44

1978 Civil Aeronautics Board lorry & communications industry

Question 45

(C) Paul Volcker appointed to ... ... = interest rates raised to ...

Answer 45

Fed Reserve Boards 1979 20%

Question 46

1980 stagflation = unemp ..., inflation averaging ..., fed debt ...

Answer 46

7.5% 12-13% $73.8bn

Question 47

(R) Omnibus Reconciliation Act ... cut gov spending on ... programmes

Answer 47

1981 over 300

Question 48

(R) social spending fell average annual rate ...

Answer 48

1.5%

Question 49

(R) homeless inc ... to ...

Answer 49

200,000 400,000

Question 50

(R) by ... fed defence expenditure = ... GDP

Answer 50

1983 23.5%

Question 51

(R) fed defence expenditure ... in ..., ... in ...

Answer 51

~$700bn 1980 ~$860bn 1987

Question 52

(R) ... ... new jobs created, real GNP grew ... ...

Answer 52

1980-88 16mil 11% 1980-84

Question 53

R budget defecit ... that of predecessors & national debt inc ... to ... during presidency

Answer 53

over 5x $1 trillion $2.6 trillion

Question 54

1988 inflation ..., unemp ...

Answer 54

4.7% 5.2%

Question 55

(R) ... ... new jobs created, real GNP grew ... ...

Answer 55

1980-88 16mil 11% 1981-84

Question 56

(R) Economic Recovery Act ... = cut individual & corporate taxes

Answer 56

1981

Question 57

(R) Tax Reform Act ... lowered top rate taxation ..., raised bottom rate ...

Answer 57

1986 50% to 28% 11% to 15%

Question 58

(R) cut staff regulatory agencies ...

Answer 58

25%

Question 59

(R) deregulated savings & loan industry -> econ crash ...

Answer 59

1989-90

Question 60

... members of PATCO (...) on strike ... against deregulation -> refused R's demand to return to work within ... = R sacked all

Answer 60

11,300 Professional Air Traffic Controllers 1981 48 hours

Question 61

R appointed ... conservatives to judiciary

Answer 61

over 400

Question 62

J spending ... = ... on Great Society, ... V War

Answer 62

1965-73 $15.5bn $120bn

Question 63

*N ... EPA (...) & OSHA (...)

Answer 63

1970 Environmental Protection Agency Occupational Safety & Health Administration

Question 64

N New Economic Policy ... = first peacetime wage freeze

Answer 64

1971

Question 65

C criticism of striking miners ...

Answer 65

1977

Question 66

by 1992 fed budget deficit ...

Answer 66

$400bn

Question 67

(B) ... fed income tax raised ... to ...

Answer 67

1990 28% 31%

Question 68

Bush cut military & domestic expenditure ...

Answer 68

$492bn

Question 69

(Bush) Fed Reserve Board lowered interest rates to ... = not enough to counter effects recession

Answer 69

3.5%

Question 70

(Bush) NAFTA = ...

Answer 70

North American Free Trade Agreement

Question 71

Bush ... num receiving support from Head Start

Answer 71

doubled