Thresholds politics (for sources) Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Dwight Eisenhower
A
1953-61
2
Q
John F Kennedy
A
1961-63
3
Q
Lyndon B Johnson
A
1963-69
4
Q
Richard Nixon
A
1969-74
5
Q
Gerald Ford
A
1974-77 Rep
6
Q
Jimmy Carter
A
1977-81 Dem
7
Q
Ronald Reagan
A
1981-89
8
Q
George Bush
A
1989-93
9
Q
JFK speech on ‘New Frontier’ at … Dem Convention
A
1960
10
Q
1960 JFK …
A
43
11
Q
Medicare planned increase social security taxes by …, … Chairman of … Killed off in …
A
0.25%
Wilbur Mills S Dem from Arkansas
House of Ways & Means Committee
1963
12
Q
School Assistance Bill: in … Asked for … For new schools & raised teacher salaries, passed … Defeated in …
A
(Feb) 1963
$2.3bn over 3 years
Senate
House of Representatives
13
Q
… Attorney General … fed troops to protect …, in … sent troops to protect …
A
1961
Robert Kennedy
Freedom Riders
1962
James Meredith
14
Q
JFK failed to intervene Albany campaigns …
A
1961-62
15
Q
… black citizens inc children attacked by dogs & water cannons Birmingham, Alabama
A
1963
16
Q
Civil Rights Bill stuck in Congress at K’s death, … planned to keep bottled up indefinitely
A
chairman of House Rules Committee, Dem Howard W Smith from Virginia
17
Q
… published Silent Spring …
A
Rachel Carson (former member US Fish & Wildlife Service)
1962
18
Q
Clean Air Act
A
1963
19
Q
… appointed … Sec of the Interior = … helped National Park Service acquire … land
A
1961
Stewart Udall
1961-69
3.85mil acres
20
Q
Peace Corps created by Exec Order … = first 2 years … volunteers aid to … countries, … Americans approved
A
1961
5,000
46
71%
21
Q
first satellite Sputnik … first man in space Yuri Gagarin …
A
1957
(Apr) 1961
22
Q
National Aeronautics & Space Administration created …
A
1958
23
Q
… K requested additional … from Congress for space programme over …
A
25th May 1961
$7-9bn
5 years
24
Q
within … Am astronauts … in space, first men on moon …
A
year
Alan Shepard & Virgil Grisson
June 1969
25
min wage increased from ... to ... in ..., covered ... workers (S Dems led by ... ensured ... poorly-paid workers excluded)
$1
$1.25
1961
3.6mil
Carl Vinson of Georgia
350,000
26
(JFK) food stamp programme fed ... cost ... annually, used Exec Orders to give ... children daily free school lunch & milk
240,000
$22mil
700,000
27
Equal Pay Act ..., next ... ... employees total ... in back pay
1963
10 years
171,000
$84mil
28
Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity created by Exec Order ... = proportional fed jobs to black Ams
1961
29
invasion of Cuba ... = ... voters agreed national security most important issue
(Apr) 1961
63%
30
K assassinated
Nov 1963
31
... election against ..., J landslide victory ... popular vote
1964
Barry Goldwater
61.1%
32
... J declared war on poverty -> top 20% owned ... nation's wealth, bottom 20% ...
(Jan) 1964
77%
0.05%
33
1964 ... black families classed as poor = annual income below ...
43%
$300
34
Economic Opportunity Act ... established ...
1964
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)
35
by ... ... states had antipoverty programmes & ... families on welfare receiving work training
Feb 1965
44
25,000
36
Head Start programme ... enrolled
nearly 1mil
37
J increased fed expenditure on poor from ... to ...
$13bn
$20bn
38
despite war on poverty ... families still below poverty line & infant mortality & unemp .. high for non-white families
1/3
2x
39
Civil Rights Act
1964
40
... S black children still in segregated schools in ...
68%
1968
41
Voting Rights Act ... -> by ... ... black pop Mississippi registered, black Ams elected to office increased sixfold ..., doubled ...
1965
1968
59%
1965-69
1969-80
42
Fair Housing Act
1968
43
Medicare & Medicaid ..., Medicare = fed funded health insurance for over ... & with disabilities, ... enrolled in ...
1965
65s
19mil
1966
44
Medicare fees = ... by ...
$144bn
1993
45
(J) ... Ams had never finished high school -> double expenditure on education to ...
54mil
$8bn
46
Elementary & Secondary Education Act ... = ... children benefited
1965
over 6.7mil
47
Higher Education Act ... helped ... poorer students
1965
11mil
48
college students = ... 18-22 year olds ..., ... by ...
15%
1950
52%
1990
49
Demonstration & Model Cities Act ... = investment into ... - only ...
1966
Chicago, Detroit, Houston, LA & Washington DC
$1.2bn
50
Omnibus Housing Act ... = rent supplements & ... worth low & moderate income housing in cities
1965
$8bn
51
Middle Am = ... pop, income = ...
55%
$5,000 - $15,000
52
Vietnam War J sent in Am ground troops ..., by ... ... Am soldiers in V
1965
1968
half mil
53
Tet Offensive ... = ... guerilla Com troops attacked major cities S V = ... Ams watched on TV
30th Jan 1968
80,000
60mil
54
polls ... = ... believed too many receiving welfare who should be working
1968
84%
55
Watts riot in LA ... lasted ..., ... damage, ... died
1965
6 days
$40mil
34
56
MLK assassinated ... = riots in ... cities
Apr 1968
100
57
national student protests sparked by protests against political literature restrictions in ... ...
Berkeley, Uni of California
winter 1964-65
58
... Stop the Draft Week demonstration in ..., ... attended march
1967
Washington
over 100,000
59
... ... female activists disrupted Miss America beauty pageant
1968
100
60
Mattachine Society created ...
1950
61
1968 election ... Rep vs ... Dem vs ... Independent
Richard Nixon
Hubert Humphrey (J's VP)
George Wallace
62
Nixon's running mate ... Harsh stance against ... Black civil rights riots ...
Spiro Agnew
Baltimore
1968
63
By ... ... Spent on War on Poverty, ... On V War
1966
$1.2bn
$22bn
64
...'s influential ... Visited V ..., witnessed Tet Offensive
CBS
Walter Cronkite
1968
65
... US troops massacred ... Unarmed civilians at My Lai village ... Officers charged with complicity & cover up but in end only ... Convicted with murder & reduced to house arrest by N
Mar 1968
Over 300
25
Mar 1971
Lieutenant William Calley
66
N appointed conservatives to Supreme Court e.g. ...
Chief Justice Warren Burger
67
N shrank ..., closed ... Job Centres
OEO
59
68
... N announced Family Assistance Plan, rejected by Congress but would have cut parent's income support if refused to work & limited welfare recipients to ... Per year
1969
$1,600
69
N had ... Approval rating for trying to reduce gov spending & welfare
65%
70
... CIA & FBI launched Operation Chaos against radical groups
1967
71
N announced expansion into Cambodia ..., students at ... Clashed with police & National Guard
1970
Kent State Uni, Ohio
72
N vetoed Child Development Act ...
1971
73
Eve ... Election ... = 'peace [in V] is at hand'
1972
National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger
74
'Hard Hat Riot' in ... ... = ... Construction workers
NYC
May 1970
200
75
1972 election Reps called Dem ... '3As' candidate = ...
George McGovern
acid, abortion & amnesty
76
1972 election ... Vs ... -> won ... Popular vote & ... States
Richard Nixon
George McGovern
60.7%
49/50
77
N southern white support rose ... 1968 to ... 1972
38%
72%
78
CREEP = ..., run by ...
N's Committee to Re-elect the President
Attorney-General John Mitchell
79
2nd break-in ... to .... headquarters in Watergate building discovered
17th June 1972
Democratic National Convention
80
N paid burglars ... to keep quiet, handed over edited tapes ..., Sup Court ruled release all tapes ..., threatened with impeachment, resigned ...
$430,000
April 1974
July 1974
Aug 1974
81
War Powers Act ..., Ethics in Gov Act ... = required senior gov officials disclose finances
1973
1978
82
Ford vetoed ... bills in ... presidency
66
29 month
83
Ford called for tax increases then ... tax cut, accepted ... tax cut from Congress
$16bn
$7bn
84
... global oil prices (set by ...) rose ... due to ...
1973
Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
4x
Yom Kippur War in Middle East
85
70s stagflation = inflation average ... ...
8.2%
1973-83
86
70s stagflation = rising unemp - ... ... -> ... ...
6.5%
Dec 1974
8.9%
May 1975
(recession by 1975)
87
... Com forces overran ... = end
April 1975
Saigon
88
1976 election ... vs ... -> carried ... votes but only ... vote
Jimmy Carter (won)
Gerald Ford
Southern, union, black & rural protestant
50.1%
89
(C) first ... reviewed White House tennis court requests
6 months
90
wife ... Carter
Rosalynn
91
'Billygate scandal' = older brother registered foreign agent ... 'loan' from ... gov
$220,000
Libyan
92
C ... lowest approval any pres
Dec 1977
93
C stimulus package cut corporate taxes ...
$900mil
94
C first year unemp fell ... to ... but by end of ... unemp ... & inflation ...
8%
7%
1978
10%
13%
95
Islamic revolution Iran = US oil prices ... to ... a barrel ..., cost of living doubled ...
$3
$34
1973-79
1968-78
96
... ... Am petrol stations forced to close
June 1978
58%
97
C Camp David peace agreement between ... & ...
Israel
Egypt
98
Iranian Hostage Crisis ... took ... hostages from US embassy
1979
60
99
Soviet invasion Afghanistan ...
Dec 1979
100
only ... approved C's foreign policy
38%
101
boycott ... Moscow Games joined by ... nations
1980
64
102
... ... felt environment greatest domestic problem, ... by ...
1969
1%
25%
1971
103
membership environmental organisations e.g. ... = ... 1960, ... 1970, ... 1980
Sierra Club, National Resource Defense Council
125,000
1mil
2mil
104
J Wilderness Act ... added .. new areas to National Park Service & ... new National Parks
1964
50
3
105
J Water Quality & Clean Air Acts ... & Clean Water Restoration Act ...
1965
1966
106
N set up ... & ..., Clean Air Act ... & Endangered Species Act ...
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Occupational Safety & Health Administration OSHA)
1970
1973
107
EPA regulations -> catalytic converters & unleaded gasoline in ... cut car pollution ...
1975
75%
108
F Toxic Substances Control Act ... = reduced pollution in cities
1976
109
... Love Canal industrial waste, cost NY State gov ... to clean up
1978
$30mil
110
C Alaska Lands Act ... & renewed Clean Air & Clean Water Act ...
1980
1980
111
... evangelical Christians who never voted before helped elect R
5mil
112
Roe v Wade ...
1973
113
... ran Christian Broadcasting Network & ran for Rep pres nomination
Reverend Pat Robertson
114
top ... televangelists ... reached audience ...
8
1980
20mil
115
... set up Baptist Moral Majority organisation ..., show Old Time Gospel Hour had audience ...
Baptist minister Jerry Falwell
1979
1.5mil
116
... joined Phyllis Schlafly's Eagle Forum
50,000
117
R 1984 election campaign ...
'Morning Again in America'
118
R failed to endorse Family Protection Act ... = called for ...
1981
ban abortion, school prayer, tax breaks for wives & mothers stayed home, single sex sports at school, parental censorship reading materials in schools & deny teenage access to contraception unless parents notified
119
'Reaganised' judiciary = nominated ... conservative judges e.g. ... & ... as ... in ...
nearly 400
William Rehnquist
Antonin Scalia
Supreme Court justices
1986
120
National Right to Life Committee had ... supporters by ...
11mil
1980
121
... formed Concerned Women for America = ... members by ... (more than NOW)
Beverley LaHaye
500,000
mid-80s
122
... R appointed Sandra Day O'Connor to Sup Court
1981
123
... = Missouri could deny women access to public abortion facilities
Webster v Reproductive Services of Missouri (1989)
124
Roe vs Wade ruling reaffirmed in ...
Planned Parenthood vs Casey (1992)
125
... Sup Court upheld ... law crim homosexual intercourse & ... other states had similar laws against 'deviant sexual intercourse'
1986
Georgia
24
126
... Ams died of AIDS by ...
over 46,000
1989
127
... ACT UP (...) created
1987
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power
128
R's friend ... died ...
Rock Hudson
1985
129
Ryan White died ... -> Ryan White Care Act = ... to help victims
1990
$220mil
130
by ... ACT-UP got ... from Congress for research
1992
$2bn
131
(80s) ... Ams used illegal substances & ... babies born addicted to cocaine or heroin
1/6 (~40mil)
375,000
132
... Nancy R began 'Just Say No' campaign = travelled ... & visited ... cities in ... states
1982
250,000 miles
65
33
133
by ... ... Just Say No clubs
1988
12,000
134
... Drug-Free Workplace Act = unis & contractors receiving fed gov money had to be drug free
1988
135
by ... ... spent enforcing drug laws per year
1990
$10bn
136
R reduced budget ... fed programmes & cut staff regulatory agencies ... on average
212
29%
137
inflation ... 1980, ... 1988
13.5%
4.7%
138
unemp ... 1980, ... 1988
7%
5.2%
139
US national debt ... when Bush became pres
$2.7 trillion
140
Bush raised fed income tax ... to ... in ...
28%
31%
1990
141
Bush cut military & domestic spending ... & Federal Reserve Board lowered interest rates to ...
$492bn
3.5%
142
R inc military spending by ... over ...
~$1.6 trillion
5 years
143
Bush intervened in Panama in ... against military dictator ...
1989
General Manuel Noriega
144
Bush liberated Kuwait against Iraqi dictator ... in ... -> sent ... troops, only ... Ams died
Saddam Hussein
1991
700,000
136
145
... R attempted to nominate Robert Bork as Sup Court judge
1987
146
... challenged Bush for Rep nomination ...
Pat Buchanan
1992
