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Funda > Personal Hygiene > Flashcards

Personal Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Hygiene

A

Skin, feet, nails, oral, nasal cavities, teeth, hair,
eyes, ears and perineal-genital areas.

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2
Q

Skin function

A

Protection, secretion, excretion, temperature
regulation and sensation.

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3
Q

Primary layers of skin

A

Epidermis - shields underlying tissue
Dermis - contains bundles of collagen, nerve
fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands and hair follicles
Subcutaneous tissue - lies just beneath the skin;
contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells.

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4
Q

The Oral Cavity

A

The oral cavity is lined with mucous
membranes.

Normal oral mucosa is light pink,
soft, moist, smooth, and without lesions.

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5
Q

Assistance with oral hygiene is for

A
  1. Limited mobility
  2. Debilitating pain or movement restrictions
  3. Altered conscioussness levels
  4. Cognitive problems, (confusion for old ppl)
  5. Eating or drinking difficulties(potential dehydration)
  6. Compromised immuned systems (risk of infection)
  7. Radiotherapy treatment to head and neck
    8 oxygen therapy (drying)
    9 breathlessness
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6
Q

The feet hands and nails

A

Requires special attention to prevent infection,
odor and injury.

Normal nail is transparent, smooth, and convex,
with a pink nail bed and a translucent white tip

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7
Q

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

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8
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gums

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9
Q

What to assess during hygiene

A

Emotional status
Health promotion practices
Health care education needs

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10
Q

Factors influencing personal hygiene

A

Social practices
Personal preferences
Body image
Socioeconomic status
Health beliefs
Cultural variables
Developmental stage
Physical condition

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11
Q

General functions of integumentary system

A

Protects from mechanical injury
Physical protection from pathogen
Chemical prevention
Sensation
Thermoregulation
Metabolic functions
Looking good

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12
Q

3 pigments of skin color

A

Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin

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13
Q

Function of skin

A

1.Protection of body
2. Sensation/sense organ
3. Temperature regulation or maintenance
4. Excretion and secretion

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14
Q

Assessment for patient

A

Data of clients skin care
Asses client self care abilities to determine amount of nursing assistance and type of bath best for client

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15
Q

What to consider during assessment of client self care abilities

A

Ability to sit
Actuvity tolerance
Strength ROM
vision
Clients preferences

Cognition and motivation
Functional level (dependent or independent)
Present or current skin issue

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16
Q

Guidelines for assessing the skin

A
  1. Assisting with hygiene provide opportunity to assess skin
  2. Do systematically in head to toe sequence
  3. Use good source of light (daylight)
  4. Compare bilateral parts for symmetry
  5. Use standard terminology to report and record findings
17
Q

Basic principles for assessing the skin and mucous membrane

A
  1. Unbroken and healthy and mucous membranes serves as first lime of defense against harmful agents
  2. Resistance to injury of skin and mucous membranes varies
  3. Body cells adequately nourished and hydrated are resistant to injury
  4. Adequate circulation is necessary
18
Q

Factors to consider when examining the skin

A
  1. Cleanliness
  2. Color
  3. Temperature
  4. Turgor
  5. Moisture
  6. Sensation
    6, vascularity
  7. Evidence of lesions
19
Q

Common Skin Problems

A
  1. Abrasion (layers scrapped or rubbed away)
  2. Excessive Dryness (flaky and rough skin) (give alcohol free lotions)
  3. Ammonia dermatitis (reddened and sore) (because of urea)
  4. Acne (inflammatory condition)
  5. Erythema (rashes exposure to sun elevated body temp) (wash carefully and apply antiseptic spray)
  6. Hirsutism - excessive hair
20
Q

Assessing the skin

A

Inspection palpation and use of olfactory sense
I. Color
Pallor - pale complexion
Cyanosis - blue nailbeds
Jaundice - yellowish timge
Vitiligo - patches of hypopigmented skin
II. Temperature and Moisture
Diaphoresis - excessive perspiration
Bromhidrosis - foul smelling perspiration
III. Lesions - Primary Secondary
Erosion (stretch marks ruptured vesicles)

21
Q

Foot and nail

A

Foot - contains 26 bones, 107 ligaments and 19 muscles
Nails - transparent smooth convex with pink nail beds

22
Q

Common foot and nail problems

A
  1. Callus - thickened epidermis
  2. Corn - keeatosis caused by friction
  3. Unpleasant odors
  4. Plantar warts - sole of foot caused by papovavirus hominis
  5. Fissures - deep groves

Nursing intervention: good foot hygiene and application of antiseptic

23
Q

Stages of pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer)

A

Stage 1. Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
- heralding lesion of skin
Stage 2. Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and dermis
- abrasion, blister, shallow crater
Stage 3. Full thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to but not through underlying fascia
- deep crater
Stage 4. Full thickness skin loss with exttensive destruction tissue
(Necrosis to bone, muscle or supporting structures)

24
Q

Factors influencing skin condition

A
  • Infant’s skin & mucous membranes are
    easily injured & subject to infection.
  • A child’s skin becomes increasingly
    resistant to injury & infection
  • Adolescent’s skin ordinarily has enlarged
    sebaceous glands & increased glandular
    secretion caused by hormonal changes
    in the body
  • Secretions from the skin glands are at their
    maximum during adolescence and up to
    50y/o
  • The skin becomes thinner & less elastic & supple
    with aging
  • Very thin & very obese people tend to be more
    subject to skin irritation and injury
  • Dehydration predisposes to skin injury
    Diseases of the skin are usually characterized by
    various lesions that require special care to
    promote personal hygiene & to carry out
    therapeutic regimens
25
Q

Factors that negatively affect skin health:

A
  • Poor nutrition and hydration
    • Advancing age
    • Incontinence
    • Medical interventions, such as radiotherapy and
    chemotherapy
    • Concurrent or underlying skin conditions
    • Surgical interventions, wounds and drains
    • Poor mobility
26
Q

Hair and scalp problems

A
  1. Dandruff
  2. Hair loss / alopecia
  3. Ticks
  4. Pediculosis
    - pediculus capitis - head louse
    - pediculus corporis - body louse
    - pediculus pubis - pubic area
  5. Scabies
27
Q

2 contributing factors to ulcer formation

A
  1. Friction
  2. Shearing force
28
Q

A valid and reliable assessment tool used primarily to assess the level of risk of developing pressure injuries.

A

Braden Scale

29
Q

Types of Bath

A
  1. Cleansing Bath
  2. Therapeutic bath
30
Q

Types of baby bath

A
  1. Sponge bath
  2. Tub bath
  3. Lap bath
  4. Oil bath
31
Q

Given to sick babies

A

Sponge bath

32
Q

Premature babies and sick babies are given

A

Oil bath

Funda (12 decks)

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