Personality

Question 1

a persons collection characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

behaviors and feelings that are consistent and long lasting

Answer 2

personality trait

Question 3

what are personality psychologist most interested in understanding

Answer 3

whole persons

Question 4

one of the founders of the field and gave a class ice definition of personality: The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine the individuals characteristics behavior and thought

Answer 4

Allport

Question 5

where does personality come from

Answer 5

a coherent whole or ORGANIZED WHOLE rather that understanding how situations influence people in general

Question 6

dynamic in that is goal seeking, sensitive to particular context and adaptive to the persons environment

Answer 6

Organized Whole

Question 7

mental nature of personality (psycho)
personality arises from basic biological processes (physical)

Answer 7

Allports two psychophysical ideas

Question 8

how personality is developed
levels of consciousness
ruled by unconscious mind

Answer 8

Freud Iceberg Theory

Question 9

Conscious Level
- executive mediating between ID impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational
operates mainly at conscious level but also pre conscious level

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING; or moral compas
Balances the other two
how we should feel

Answer 9

EGO

Question 10

Preconscious Level
ideas and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a persons conscious
operates mostly at preconscious level

RATIONALE GRATIFICATION
before our conscious reality principle

Answer 10

SUPEREGO

Question 11

Unconscious Level
basic impulses (sex and aggression); seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive
operates at unconscious level

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE; seeking immediate present gratification

Answer 11

ID

Question 12

most theorist do not align with frued or use his classifications, believe much of our mental life and personality development is a result of the unconscious (schemas, priming, implicit memories, stereotypes and prejudice and we struggle with conflict)

Answer 12

post freud thoughts

Question 13

approaches to studying personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding
* Sunshine and rainbows!

Answer 13

Humanistic Approaches

Question 14

under humanistic theory
people seek to fulfill their potential for personal growth through greater self-understanding
* Top of the hierarchy of needs, developing a self concept

Answer 14

Self Actualization

Question 15

Humanistic approach contrasted with whose theories

Answer 15

Freuds: they were very strict and direct

Question 16

◦ Emphasized the importance of people’s subjective understandings of their lives
‣ Encouraged parents to raise their children with unconditional positive regard so that they might become fully functioning people

Answer 16

Rogers Person Centered Approach

Question 17

‣ Acceptance
‣ Genuineness
‣ Empathy
◦ Personality is influenced on how we understand ourselves and how others judge us
◦ Being positive despite the negative

Answer 17

Roger believed in growth-promoting social climates (AGE)

Question 18

an approach to studying personality that focuses how individuals differ in personality dispositions
‣ There are nearly 18,000 words in the dictionary that could be used as personality traits

Answer 18

Trait Approach

Question 19

goes from low to high, personality is developed by these 5 factors

Answer 19

Big 5 Factors

Question 20

Imaginative vs down to earth
likes variety vs likes routine
independent vs conforming

Answer 20

openness to experience

Question 21

worried vs calm
insecure vs secure
self pity vs self satisfied

Answer 21

neuroticism

Question 22

organized vs disorganized
careful vs careless
self disciplined vs weak willed

Answer 22

conscientiousness

Question 23

social vs retiring
fun loving vs sober
affectionate vs reserved

Answer 23

extroversion

Question 24

soft hearted vs ruthless
trusting vs suspicious
helpful vs uncooperative

Answer 24

agreeableness

Question 25

* Identified 16 basic dimensions of personality ◦ These dimensions included: intelligence, sensitivity, dominance and self-reliance * He got them from Cattel (kind of )

Answer 25

Cattells Factor Analysis

Question 26

* Personality comes from 4 dimensions, and from our biological processes ◦ Neurotic, Introversion, Extraversion, Emotionally Stable ‣ People who are extroverted have lower levels of arousal * To function optimally, they seek out exciting ‣ People who are introverted have higher levels of arousal * To function they seek out calm activities

Answer 26

Biological Trait Theory

Question 27

◦ Albert Bandura ‣ Behaviors and personality are impacted by our traits and our social context ‣ reciprocal determinism Interpersonal factors, behavior, environmental factors

Answer 27

Social Cognitive Theories

Question 28

◦ Rotter’s expectancy-value approach: Internal/external locus of control * Locus of Control ◦ A personable belief about how much control we have over our lives ◦ Internal: our own control ◦ External: we cannot control, something else is controlling our life

Answer 28

Personality Reflects Learning and Cognition

Question 29

life history data; behavioral data; self-reports; and descriptions from peoples friends, relatives or both ‣ The way researchers choose to measure personality depends to a great extent on their own theoretical orientations (trait researchers vs. humanistic psychologists)

Answer 29

Assessment procedures include measures of unconscious processes

Question 30

person-centered approaches to studying personality; focus is on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons * Researchers who use this often examine case studies of individuals through interviews or biographical information * Considers a human life as a narrative or life story

Answer 30

Idiographic

Question 31

approaches to assessing personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person * Individuals are unique combinations of common traits * The 5 factor theory looks at how all people vary on 5 basic personalities

Answer 31

Nomothetic

Question 32

personality test that examine tendencies to respond in a particular way by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli * Procedures such as this are too imprecise for diagnostic purposes but when combined with other measures can help researchers and clinical psychologists get a fuller sense of a persons (rorscharch inkblot test)

Answer 32

Projective

Question 33

measuring only what the person reports, they make no pretense of uncovering hidden conflicts or secret information * NEO personality inventory: designed to assess big 5 personality factors * MMPI has 10 scales that measure psychological problems * California Q-Sort: each participant is given 100 cars with statements printed on them, each person sorts them and according to how accurately the statements are it describes him or her

Answer 33

Self-Report Measures

Question 34

researchers have also developed a number of objective measures that assess how personality emerges in daily life ◦ Electronically activated record (EAR) ‣ Used to show that self reports on the big 5 predict real world behavior * Extroverts talk more and spend time alone * Agreeable people swear less often * Conscientious people attend class more * Neurotic people spend more time arguing * People open to experience spend more time in restaurants, bars, and coffee shops

Answer 34

Behavioral Data