Psych Disorders and Treatments

Question 1

Collection of symptoms (syndrome) that are marked as a clinically
significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior (APA, 2013)
* Atypical, unusual, or infrequent * Socially unacceptable/deviant * Maladaptive * Personal distress * Self defeating and/or dangerous

Answer 1

Psychological Disorder

Question 2

sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological
disorder

Answer 2

Psychopathology

Question 3

factors or causes that contribute to the development of a disorder

Answer 3

Etiology

Question 4

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
* Categorical information: Name of disorder
* Dimensional information: severity rating
* Additional information: general medical condition, symptoms, psychosocial factors

Answer 4

DSM-5

Question 5

what is the main purpose of the DSM

Answer 5

Description: grouping disorders based on similarity in symptoms

Question 6

what is another purpose of the DSM

Answer 6

allow providers to bill health insurance companies for treatment

Question 7

takes a catagorical approach, it has a strict cut
either you have an issue or you do not
cannot register severity of disorder
you only fit into one category, fails to see that some disorders tie together

Answer 7

problems with the DSM

Question 8

another issue with the DSM, many psych disorders occur together but the DSM treats them as separate things

Answer 8

Comorbidity

Question 9

high p scores= suicide attempts, hospitalization, criminal behaviors and predict a worsening of impairments over time

Answer 9

Comorbidity p scores

Question 10

a diagnostic model that proposses that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

Answer 10

Diatheis-stress model

Question 11

focuses on how physiological factors contribute to the psych disorder
genetics: can affect the production and levels of neurotransmittors and their receptor sites, effect the size of brain structures
some disorders may arise from prenatal problems
and during childhood

Answer 11

Biological Factors

Question 12

how may biological factors contribute to mental disorders

Answer 12

effects on the CNS

Question 13

play an important role in the expression and
treatment of mental disorders.

Answer 13

situational factors

Question 14

a diagnostic model that considers problems
within an individual as indicating problems within the family

Answer 14

family systems model

Question 15

a diagnostic model that views psychopathology as
the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures

Answer 15

sociocultural model

Question 16

a diagnostic model that views
psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive
thoughts and beliefs
* approach: behavior is learned and thus can be unlearned
- classical and operant conditioning

Answer 16

cognitive behavioral factors

Question 17

characterized by negative emotions (e.g.,
major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder) more common in women

Answer 17

internalizing disorders

Question 18

characterized by negative emotions (e.g.,
major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder)

Answer 18

internalizing disorders

Question 19

characterized by disinhibition (e.g.,
alcoholism, conduct disorders, antisocial behavior

Answer 19

externalizing disorders

Question 20

characterized by disinhibition (e.g.,
alcoholism, conduct disorders, antisocial behavior) more common in ment

Answer 20

externalizing disorders

Question 21

• Dependence on alcohol is much more likely in males,
  whereas anorexia nervosa is much more likely in females.
• One explanation for gender differences in the presentation of
  disorders is that psychopathology can take different forms
  depending on cultural norms and expectations. * Some disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are
  equally likely in the sexes, whereas other disorders vary
  between the sexes.

Answer 21

psych disorders vary by sex and culture

Question 22

Most mental disorders show both universal and culture-specific
symptoms.
* Disorders with a strong biological component will tend to be more similar across cultures.
* A disorder heavily influenced by learning, context, or both is more likely to differ across cultures.

Answer 22

cultural syndromes

Question 23

psych disorder characterized by excessive fear in the absence of true danger
-GAD, panic, specific phobias, social, agoraphobia

Answer 23

anxiety

Question 24

how does anxiety happen

Answer 24

continuous arousal of the autonomic nervous system
the sypmathetic NS is overactive
this can lead to more health issues

Question 25

fear of something that is disproportionate to the threat, specifc fear of something

Answer 25

phobia

Question 26

fear of being negatively evaulated by others in social setting

Answer 26

social anxiety

Question 27

nearly constant anxiety not associated with a specific thing

Answer 27

general anxiety

Question 28

sudden attacks of overwhelming terror

Answer 28

panic disorder

Question 29

fear of being in a situation from which one cannot escape

Answer 29

aporaphobia

Question 30

disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities tens to persist over several months and years, extreme

Answer 30

major depression

Question 31

a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, sometimes called dysthymia must have a depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years, lasts from 2-20 years

Answer 31

persistent depressive disorder

Question 32

two headed beast a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania Mania: an elevated mood that can vary in degree and is accompanied by major shifts in energy level and physical activity * Manic episodes: characterized by elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, extreme distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities; last at least one week

Answer 32

Biploar

Question 33

a disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and, frequently, depressive episodes as well * The manic episodes in bipolar l disorder cause significant impairment in daily living and can often result in hospitalization - WORSE

Answer 33

BPD 1

Question 34

a disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods * Less extreme mood elevations are called hypomania. * Although these less extreme positive moods may be somewhat disruptive to a person’s life, they do not cause significant impairment in daily living or require hospitalization.

Answer 34

BPD 2

Question 35

a psychological disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in psychosis * The term schizophrenia literally means “splitting of the mind.” * The essence of schizophrenia is a disconnection from reality, known as psychosis.

Answer 35

Schizophrenia

Question 36

excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior

Answer 36

positive symptoms

Question 37

deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, slowed speech and movement, flat effect, extreme isolation, clinical depression, feeling no pleasure more resistant to medications

Answer 37

Negative symptoms

Question 38

schizophrenia can be caused by what

Answer 38

decrease of cerebral fluid in brain

Question 39

a disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive action, not classified under anxiety

Answer 39

OCD

Question 40

recurrent, unwanted and repetitive thoughts or ideas or mental images that increase anxiety

Answer 40

Obsessive

Question 41

responses to those obsessive thoughts

Answer 41

compulsion

Question 42

a disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma, results from trauma or excessive stess

Answer 42

PTSD

Question 43

what is under PTSD

Answer 43

DID (dissociative identity disorder)

Question 44

the occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual, along with memory gaps in which the person does not recall everyday events

Answer 44

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 45

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control

Answer 45

borderline personality disorder

Question 46

a personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy

Answer 46

Antisocial personality disorder

Question 47

Maintaining a starvation diet despite negative health outcomes

Answer 47

anorexia

Question 48

Binge-eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss (throwing up)

Answer 48

bulimia nervosa

Question 49

Bouts of overeating followed by remorse, regret, and guilt

Answer 49

binge eating

Question 50

the generic name given to formal psychological treatment * The particular techniques used may depend on the practitioner’s training, but all forms of psychotherapy involve interactions between practitioner and client.

Answer 50

psychotherapy

Question 51

treatment of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease (what is wrong with the body) and to illness (what a person feels as a result)

Answer 51

biological therapies(medical model)

Question 52

* Form of therapy based on Freud—without accepting all of it… * Aim is to help client examine needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress - focus on social environment: childhood, therapist client relations -unconscious mind plays a role in mental illness -clients social environment and their unconscious

Answer 52

Psychodynamic Therapy

Question 53

treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning -behavior can be learned and unlearned -more what happens during the therapy (social skills training)

Answer 53

Behavioral Therapy

Question 54

a behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation

Answer 54

exposure behavior therapy

Question 55

pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with fear - pairing the trigger with something that makes a new response of no fear, so smiling and laughing to what made you scared of before

Answer 55

conterconditioning behavioral therapy

Question 56

treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions; treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns * Interpersonal therapy * Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Answer 56

Cognitive Therapy

Question 57

constructing the mind to view it in a different and healthier way

Answer 57

mindfullness based cognitive therapy

Question 58

A therapy that incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors * Integrative therapy trains people to alter the way they thing but also the way they act. * Seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking to replace it with new ways of thinking * Trains people to practice this new way of thinking

Answer 58

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question 59

* The goal of humanistic therapy is to treat the person as a whole, not as a collection of behaviors or a repository of repressed thoughts. non judge mental unconditional positive regard

Answer 59

client centered therapy

Question 60

drugs that affect mental processes (anti anxiety, antidepressants, antipsychotics)

Answer 60

psychotropic medications

Question 61

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment ; commonly called tranquilizers * One class of anti-anxiety drugs is the benzodiazepines. * increase the activity of GABA * induce drowsiness * highly addictive Resistance: mental block stopping the disorder

Answer 61

anti anxiety

Question 62

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment * SSRIs can lead to sexual dysfunction. * They are often used for other disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. * monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors * tricyclics antidepressants

Answer 62

antidepressants

Question 63

a class of medications used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis; also known as neuroleptics * One side effect is tardive dyskinesia. * the involuntary twitching of muscles, especially in the neck and face

Answer 63

antipsychotics

Question 64

a procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient’s brain to produce a seizure; it is effective for severe depression

Answer 64

eletroconclusive therapy (ECT)

Question 65

a powerful electrical current produces a magnetic field that is about 40,000 times Earth’s magnetic field.

Answer 65

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 66

electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain; mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity used for OCD and parkinsons

Answer 66

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Question 67

what is a central issue with treating psych disorders

Answer 67

not enough trained people available for one on one psychotherapy to all who need it

Question 68

tend to manipluate the therapist around and do not actually understand there is something wrong with them

Answer 68

APD