personality Flashcards
(9 cards)
apfc of kroll and crenshaw
aimed to compare personalities of elite athletes in football, gymnasts, wrestlers and karate through comparing 16 personality traits from cattels test.
387 males from america all elite
quasi experiment
iv= sport they played gymnastics, karate, football, wrestling
dv= 16 personality traits
all pps completed cattels 16pf, 200 statement requiring true or false response
also answered MMPI to ensure pps are answering honestly, acts as a control and increases internal validity, for example a lie scale statement like “i do not always tell the truth”, if scored 7 or more out of 15 on lie scale results would be removed
results
football and wrestling was most similar and group dependent
gymnasts was most shy
karate was self sufficient
60.6% classified correctly, gymants correctly matched 73.1% of time, so have predictive validfity
conclusions-
significantly different personality profiles in individuals in different sports
background for personality
Eysencks 3 factor theory
beleived 2 dimensions of personaltiy,
extrovert-introvert dimension and emotionally stable and emotionally unstable dimension
75% nature 25% nurture
3rd dimension psychoticism affected by male aggression, would be attracted to sport
nature nurture question personality
narture- Eysenk
strength- scientific
weakness- determinism
nurutre- Catell
strength- useful, 16pf used to allocate ppl to sports
weakness- holism, cant infer cause and effect
free will determinism personality
free will- Kroll and Crenshaw, choice to play sport that matches personality
strength- ethical, acknowledges indivdual freedom
weakness- not scientific
determinism- Eysenck those with more testosterone, more attracted to sports
useful- enocurage those with increased testosterone into sport, challenge aggression in positive ways
weakness- reductionist, incomplete explanation, doesnt focus on any environmentla factors
Catells research
16pf
states answers would be affected by situational factors like mood and level of motivation
ethnocentrism personality
yes- Kroll and Crenshaw
387 male athletes
low pop validity
but
no individual diffs so high internal
no- Eysenck’s 3 factor theory of 3 dimensions of personality
universal innate biological factor
useful
counter
culture may influence personality
science personality
Kroll and Crenshaw- yes
quantitiative data, 60.6% classified correclty, gymants correctly 73.1%
strength- external reliability
but
weakness- lower internal validity lacks insight into why
but
Cattel- low
sdb through self report
weakness- low internal validity, may not tell truth
counter
strength-standardised proc, all have same self report so can replicate, large groups take it like in Kroll and Crenshaw 387, wider range of conclusions
usefulness Kroll and Crenshaw
yes- Freud psychoanalytic theory of personality, id i spleasure princple, ego is reality and superego is morality
strength- innate, so is universal so high pop validity
but
weakness- reductioist apporach doesn;t consider situational facotrs, incomplete explanaition, low internal validity
no- Kroll and Crenshaw, ethnocentric sample 387 males USA elite athlete
weakness- low population validity, unrepresentative
counter
reduces inidividual differences, increases internal validity, usefulness
strategies personality
match athletes to sport
from Kroll and Crenshaws study
alter personality aspects
Eysenck siad 25% personality is weakness
so if someone is very independent but play football, encourage group strategies which is norming stage of Tuckmans cohesion model
