Personality

Question 0

Trait

Answer 0

Relatively stable personal characteristics that can be used to describe someone

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 2

Factor analysis

Answer 2

Statistical procedure for determining the most basic units or factors in a large array of data

Question 3

Five factor method (ffm)

Answer 3

Trait theory of personality that include openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 4

Conscious

Answer 4

In Freudian terms, thoughts or motives that a person is currently aware of or is remembering

Question 5

Preconscious

Answer 5

Freud’s term for thoughts, motives, or memories that can voluntarily be brought to mind

Question 6

Unconscious

Answer 6

Freud’s term for thoughts, motives, and memories blocked from normal awareness

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

According to Freud, the source of instinctual energy, which works on the pleasure principle and is concerned with immediate gratification

Question 8

Pleasure principal

Answer 8

In Freud’s theory, the principle on which the id operates - seeking immediate pleasure

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

In freud’s theory, the rational part of the psyche that deals with reality by controlling the Id, while also satisfying the superego (from Latin “ego”, meaning “I”)

Question 10

Reality principle

Answer 10

According to Freud, the principle on which the conscious ego operates as it tries to meet the demands on the Id and superego and the realities of the environment

Question 11

Superego

Answer 11

In freud’s theory, the part of the personality that incorporates parental and societal standards for morality

Question 12

Morality principle

Answer 12

The principle on which the superego may operate, which results in feelings of guilt if its rules are violated

Question 13

Defense mechanisms

Answer 13

In Freudian theory, the ego’s protective method of reducing anxiety by distorting reality

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

Freud’s first and most basic defense mechanism, which blocks unacceptable impulses from coming into awareness

Question 15

Psychosexual stages

Answer 15

5 developmental periods (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital),

Question 16

Collective unconsciousness

Answer 16

Jung’s concept of a reservoir of inherited, universal experiences that all humans share

Question 17

Archetypes

Answer 17

According to Jung, the images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviour that reside in the collective unconscious

Question 18

Basic Anxiety

Answer 18

According to Horney, the feeling of helplessness and insecurity that adults experience because as children they felt alone and isolated in a hostile environment

Question 19

Self concept

Answer 19

Roger’s term for all the information and beliefs individuals have about their own nature, qualities, and behaviour

Question 20

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 20

Roger’s term for love and acceptance with no contingencies attached

Question 21

Self actualization

Answer 21

Maslow’s term for the inborn drive to develop all one’s talents and capabilities

Question 22

Self-efficacy

Answer 22

Bandura’s term for a person’s learned expectation of success

Question 23

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 23

Bandura’s belief that cognitions, behaviours, and the environment interact to produce personality

Question 24

Projective tests

Answer 24

Psychological tests using ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or drawings, which allow the test-taker to project his or her unconscious onto the test material

Question 25

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 25

A projective test that presents a set of 10 cards with symmetrical abstract patterns, aka inkblots, and asks responders to describe that the see in the image - their response is thought to be a projection of unconscious processes

Question 26

Thematic apperception test (tat)

Answer 26

A projective test that shows a series of ambiguous black and white pictures and asks the test taker to create a story related to each - responses presumably reflect a projection of unconscious processes

Question 27

Individualistic cultures

Answer 27

The needs and goals of the individual are emphasized over the needs and goals of the group

Question 28

Collectivistic cultures

Answer 28

The needs and goals of the group are emphasized over the needs and goals of the individual