Therapy

Question 1

Three approaches to therapy

Answer 1

• insight (personal understanding & self-knowledge)
• behaviour (changing maladaptive behaviours)
• biomedical (medical treatments such as drugs)

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Freudian therapy designed to bring unconscious conflicts, which usually date back to early childhood experiences, into consciousness - also his school of thought emphasizing mental processes

Question 3

Free association

Answer 3

In psychoanalysis, reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents

Question 4

Dream analysis

Answer 4

In psychoanalysis, interpreting the underlying true meaning of dreams to reveal unconscious processes

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

In psychoanalysis, the persons inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal certain memories, thoughts, motives, or experiences

Question 6

Transference

Answer 6

In psychoanalysis, the patient may displace or transfer unconscious feelings about a significant person in his or her life onto the therapist

Question 7

Interpretation

Answer 7

A psychoanalyst’s explanation of a patient’s free associations, dreams, resistance, and transference; more generally, any statement by a therapist that presents a patient’s problem in a new way

Question 8

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 8

A briefer, more directive form of psychoanalysis that focuses on conscious processes and current problems

Question 9

Cognitive therapy

Answer 9

Therapy that focuses on faulty thought processes and beliefs to treat problem behaviours

Question 10

Self-talk

Answer 10

Internal dialogue; the things people say to themselves when they interpret events

Question 11

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 11

Process in cognitive therapy to change destructive thoughts or inappropriate interpretations

Question 12

Rational-emotive therapy (rebt)

Answer 12

Ellis’s cognitive therapy to eliminate self-defeating beliefs through rational examination

Question 13

Four steps in the REBT approach

Answer 13

• activating event (blocked from goal)
• irrational beliefs (interpreting the frustration irrationally)
• emotional consequences (negative feelings that reinforce negative beliefs)
• disputing irrational beliefs (challenging those beliefs to change negative emotions)

Question 14

Cognitive behaviour therapy

Answer 14

Beck’s system for confronting and changing behaviours associated with destructive cognitions

Question 15

Thinking patterns associated with depression

Answer 15

• selective perception (focusing on the negative and ignoring the positive)
• overgeneralization (overgeneralizing and drawing negative conclusions about your self-worth)
• magnification (exaggerating importance of shortcomings)
• all-or-nothing thinking (things are either good or bad)

Question 16

Humanistic therapy

Answer 16

Therapy to maximize personal growth through affective restructuring (emotional readjustment)

Question 17

Client-centered therapy

Answer 17

Roger’s therapy emphasizing clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive; techniques include empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening

Question 18

Empathy

Answer 18

In Rogerian terms, an insightful awareness and ability to share another’s inner experience

Question 19

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 19

Rogers term for love and acceptance with no contingencies attached

Question 20

Genuiness

Answer 20

In Rogerian terms, authenticity or congruence, the awareness of one’s true inner thoughts and feelings and being able to share them with others

Question 21

Active listening

Answer 21

Listening with total attention to what another is saying; involves reflecting, paraphrasing, and clarifying what the person says and means

Question 22

Group therapy

Answer 22

A number of people meet together to work towards therapeutic goals

Question 23

Self-help group

Answer 23

Leaderless or non-professionally guided groups in which members assist each other with specific problems, such as Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 24

Advantages of group therapy

Answer 24

• less expense
• group support
• insight & information
• behaviour rehearsal

Question 25

Family therapy

Answer 25

Treatment to change maladaptive interaction patterns within a family

Question 26

Psychotherapy

Answer 26

Techniques employed to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life

Question 27

Behaviour therapy

Answer 27

Group of learning techniques based on principles used to change maladaptive behaviours

Question 28

Systematic desensitization

Answer 28

Gradual process of extinguishing a learned fear/phobia by working through a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli while staying deeply relaxed

Question 29

Aversion therapy

Answer 29

Pairing an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus with a maladaptive behaviour

Question 30

Modelling therapy

Answer 30

Watching and imitating models that demonstrate desirable behaviours

Question 31

Biomedical therapy

Answer 31

Using physiological interventions (drugs, electro convulsive therapy, and psychosurgery) to reduce/alleviate symptoms of psychological disorders

Question 32

Psychopharmacology

Answer 32

Study of drug effects on the mind and behaviour

Question 33

Anti anxiety drugs

Answer 33

Medication used to treat anxiety disorders

Question 34

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 34

Medication used to diminish or eliminate hallucinations, delusions, withdrawal, and other symptoms of psychosis; also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizer a

Question 35

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 35

Medications used to treat depression, some anxiety disorders, and certain eating disorders such as bulimia

Question 36

Electroconvulsive therapy (ect)

Answer 36

Biomedical therapy based on passing electrical current though the brain - used almost exclusively to treat serious depression when drug therapy doesn’t work

Question 37

Psychosurgery

Answer 37

Operative procedures of the brain designed to relieve severe mental symptoms that haven’t responded to other forms of treatment

Question 38

Lobotomy

Answer 38

Outmoded medical procedure for mental disorders which involves cutting nerve pathways between the frontal lobes and the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 39

5 goals of therapy

Answer 39

• disturbed thoughts
• disturbed emotions
• disturbed behaviour
• interpersonal and life situation difficulties
• biomedical disturbances

Question 40

Eclectic approach

Answer 40

Combining techniques from various theories to find the most appropriate treatment