Social Psychology

Question 1

Attribution

Answer 1

An explanation for the cause of behaviour or events

Question 2

Social psychology

Answer 2

The study of how others influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error (fae)

Answer 3

Misjudging the cause of others behaviour to be internal (dispositional) rather than external (situational)

Question 4

Salience bias

Answer 4

Focusing on the most noticeable (salient) factors when explaining causes of behaviour

Question 5

Self-serving bias

Answer 5

Taking credit for our successes and externalizing our failures

Question 6

Attitude

Answer 6

Learned predisposition to respond cognitively, affectively, and behaviourally to a particular object

Question 7

3 components of attitudes

Answer 7

• cognitive elements (beliefs)
• affective elements (feelings)
• behavioural (actions)

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 8

A feeling of discomfort caused by a discrepancy between an attitude and a behaviour or between two competing attitudes

Question 9

Prejudice

Answer 9

A learned, generally negative attitude towards members of a group. Includes thoughts/stereotypes, feelings, and behaviour/discrimination

Question 10

Stereotype

Answer 10

A set of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a group that’s generalized to all group members (also the cognitive component of prejudice)

Question 11

Discrimination

Answer 11

Negative behaviours directed at members of a group

Question 12

In group favouritism

Answer 12

Viewing members of Ingroup more positively than members of outgroup

Question 13

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 13

Judging members out outgroup as more alike and less diverse than members of Ingroup

Question 14

Scapegoat

Answer 14

The innocent victim of displaced aggression

Question 15

Interpersonal attraction

Answer 15

Positive feelings towards another

Question 16

Matching hypothesis

Answer 16

Men and women of approximately equal physical attractiveness tend to select each other as partners

Question 17

Proximity

Answer 17

Attraction based on geographical closeness

Question 18

Need complementarity

Answer 18

Attraction to those with qualities we admire but personally lack

Question 19

Need compatibility

Answer 19

Attraction based on sharing similar needs

Question 20

3 basic elements of love

Answer 20

• caring
• attachment
• intimacy

Question 21

Romantic love

Answer 21

Intense feeling of attraction to another within an erotic context and with future expectations

Question 22

Compassionate love

Answer 22

Strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship

Question 23

4 major sources of prejudice

Answer 23

• learning
• mental shortcuts
• economic and political competition
• displaced aggression/scapegoating

Question 24

Conformity

Answer 24

Changing ones behaviour because of real or imagined group pressure

Question 25

Normative social influence

Answer 25

Conforming to group pressure out of a need for approval and acceptance

Question 26

Norm

Answer 26

Cultural rule of behaviour prescribing what is acceptable in a given situation

Question 27

Informational social influence

Answer 27

Conforming because of a need for information and direction

Question 28

Reference groups

Answer 28

People we confirm to or go along with because we like and admire them and want to be like them

Question 29

Obedience

Answer 29

Following direct commands, usually from an authority figure

Question 30

Factors in obedience

Answer 30

- legitimacy/closeness of authority figure - remoteness of victim - assessment of responsibility - modelling/imitation

Question 31

Foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 31

A first, small request is used as a setup for later larger requests

Question 32

Deindividialization

Answer 32

Reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that sometimes occurs in a group, particularity when members feel anonymous

Question 33

Group polarization

Answer 33

Group's movement toward either riskier or more conservative behaviour, depending on the member's initial dominant tendency

Question 34

Groupthink

Answer 34

Faulty decision-making that occurs when a highly cohesive group strives for agreement and avoids inconsistent information

Question 35

Aggression

Answer 35

Behaviour intended to harm someone

Question 36

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 36

Blocking of a desired goal (frustration) creates anger that may lead to aggression

Question 37

Altruism

Answer 37

Actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper

Question 38

Egoistic model

Answer 38

Helping that's motivated by anticipated gain - later reciprocation, increased self-esteem, or avoidance of distress and guilt

Question 39

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 39

Helping because of empathy for someone in need

Question 40

Diffusion of property

Answer 40

The dilution (of diffusion) of personal responsibility for acting by spreading it among other group members