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Psychology 12 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attribution

A

An explanation for the cause of behaviour or events

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2
Q

Social psychology

A

The study of how others influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error (fae)

A

Misjudging the cause of others behaviour to be internal (dispositional) rather than external (situational)

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4
Q

Salience bias

A

Focusing on the most noticeable (salient) factors when explaining causes of behaviour

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5
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Taking credit for our successes and externalizing our failures

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6
Q

Attitude

A

Learned predisposition to respond cognitively, affectively, and behaviourally to a particular object

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7
Q

3 components of attitudes

A
  • cognitive elements (beliefs)
  • affective elements (feelings)
  • behavioural (actions)
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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

A feeling of discomfort caused by a discrepancy between an attitude and a behaviour or between two competing attitudes

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9
Q

Prejudice

A

A learned, generally negative attitude towards members of a group. Includes thoughts/stereotypes, feelings, and behaviour/discrimination

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10
Q

Stereotype

A

A set of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a group that’s generalized to all group members (also the cognitive component of prejudice)

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11
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative behaviours directed at members of a group

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12
Q

In group favouritism

A

Viewing members of Ingroup more positively than members of outgroup

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13
Q

Outgroup homogeneity effect

A

Judging members out outgroup as more alike and less diverse than members of Ingroup

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14
Q

Scapegoat

A

The innocent victim of displaced aggression

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15
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Positive feelings towards another

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16
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

Men and women of approximately equal physical attractiveness tend to select each other as partners

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17
Q

Proximity

A

Attraction based on geographical closeness

18
Q

Need complementarity

A

Attraction to those with qualities we admire but personally lack

19
Q

Need compatibility

A

Attraction based on sharing similar needs

20
Q

3 basic elements of love

A
  • caring
  • attachment
  • intimacy
21
Q

Romantic love

A

Intense feeling of attraction to another within an erotic context and with future expectations

22
Q

Compassionate love

A

Strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship

23
Q

4 major sources of prejudice

A
  • learning
  • mental shortcuts
  • economic and political competition
  • displaced aggression/scapegoating
24
Q

Conformity

A

Changing ones behaviour because of real or imagined group pressure

25
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conforming to group pressure out of a need for approval and acceptance

26
Q

Norm

A

Cultural rule of behaviour prescribing what is acceptable in a given situation

27
Q

Informational social influence

A

Conforming because of a need for information and direction

28
Q

Reference groups

A

People we confirm to or go along with because we like and admire them and want to be like them

29
Q

Obedience

A

Following direct commands, usually from an authority figure

30
Q

Factors in obedience

A
  • legitimacy/closeness of authority figure
  • remoteness of victim
  • assessment of responsibility
  • modelling/imitation
31
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

A first, small request is used as a setup for later larger requests

32
Q

Deindividialization

A

Reduced self-consciousness, inhibition, and personal responsibility that sometimes occurs in a group, particularity when members feel anonymous

33
Q

Group polarization

A

Group’s movement toward either riskier or more conservative behaviour, depending on the member’s initial dominant tendency

34
Q

Groupthink

A

Faulty decision-making that occurs when a highly cohesive group strives for agreement and avoids inconsistent information

35
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour intended to harm someone

36
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

Blocking of a desired goal (frustration) creates anger that may lead to aggression

37
Q

Altruism

A

Actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper

38
Q

Egoistic model

A

Helping that’s motivated by anticipated gain - later reciprocation, increased self-esteem, or avoidance of distress and guilt

39
Q

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

Helping because of empathy for someone in need

40
Q

Diffusion of property

A

The dilution (of diffusion) of personal responsibility for acting by spreading it among other group members

Psychology 12 (6 decks)

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