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AP Psych Final Review > Personality (5-7%) > Flashcards

Personality (5-7%) Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

a unique pattern of consistent thoughts, behaviors that originate within the individual

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2
Q

Nomothetic Method

A

describe people’s personalities (group level) (nature)

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3
Q

Idiographic Method

A

few traits that best characterize that unique individual (nurture)

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4
Q

Biological Personality Theory

A

biological psychologists have linked personality to fluids in the body

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5
Q

Temperament

A

first personality; when you are a baby

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6
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

personality was set in early childhood

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7
Q

Conscious

A

includes everything of which we are aware of at a particular moment

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8
Q

Preconscious

A

contains thoughts, memories, feelings, and images that we can recall easily (STM)

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9
Q

Unconscious

A

wishes, impulses, memories, and feelings that you are unaware of, repressed trauma/memories
-glimpses into slips of the tongue, dreams, projection

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10
Q

Id

A

devil, demands immediate gratification (nature)
-pleasure principle

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11
Q

Ego

A

you, mediator, decision maker, prevents discharge of tension
-reality prnciple

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12
Q

Superego

A

composed of conscience (guilt for doing bad things) and ego ideal (proud of yourself for good things)

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13
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

deny, falsify, distort reality
-when ego is overwhelmed by threats, becomes flooded by anxiety and takes extreme measures to relieve pressure

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14
Q

Repression

A

pushing away thoughts/feelings/memories into unconscious mind (trauma/inside out dungeon)

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15
Q

Regression

A

immature behavior (regress to earlier development)

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

excuses, socially inappropriate behavior -> make behavior seem more normal

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17
Q

Displacement

A

shifting emotion from a more threatening person to a less threatening person/object (punting your dog out the window when you are mad at your mom)

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18
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe reality despite overwhelming evidence

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19
Q

Projection

A

projecting your insecurities onto others (hypocrite)

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20
Q

Reaction Formation

A

saying you feel really strongly about something when its really the opposite (dealing with internal conflict)

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21
Q

Sublimation (substitute)

A

displacing negative emotions into something productive (really angry -> running)

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22
Q

Psychosexual Development Theory

A

“pleasure center” moves to a different area of sensitivity and unconscious conflict occurs
-believed sexual conflicts (pleasure obtained from the world) hidden from awareness caused most problems

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23
Q

Libido

A

life energy (specific to pleasure center)

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24
Q

Oral Stage

A

infant - explore world by sucking, biting, chewing

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25
Anal Stage
1-3 toddler - potty training forcing/depriving
26
Phallic Stage
3-5 - stimulation of genitals becomes source of pleasure -Oedipus Complex: girls have a sexual desire for fathers, boys have a sexual desire for mothers
27
Latency Period
6-12 - cooties stage, sexual energy -> finding friends
28
Genital Stage
puberty on - sexual attractions, dating, intimate relationships, stimulation obtained from others instead of own body
29
Criticism to Freud
-little to no empirical evidence -exaggerating early childhood/sex -he thought men were superior to women
30
Carl Jung - Psychodynamic
-agreed with early childhood but rejected Freud's sex theory -believed personality is shaped by cumulative experiences from past
31
Psyche
personality - 3 systems -ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious
32
Ego - Psychodynamic
conscious mind, feelings, how you see yourself, finding your identity
33
Personal Unconscious
unconscious mind (complexes)
34
Collective Unconscious
very powerful/influential, ancestors memories passed down through DNA
35
Archetypes
in collective unconscious, inherited memories
36
Individuation
psychological process by which a person becomes an individual, a unified whole (balance/acceptance) (yin yang)
37
Alfred Adler
believed people are motivated by fear of failure (inferiority complex)
38
Oldest Child
responsible, protective, power-hungry
39
Middle Child
ambitious, well adjusted
40
Youngest Child
spoiled and weak
41
Humanistic Theory of Personality
determinism id the belief that what happens is dictated by what has happened in the past -humanists don't believe in determinism they believe in free will -needs met: problem centered rather than self centered approach to life
42
Abraham Maslow + Carl Rogers
self actualization: best version of yourself, life's goal (fully functioning) -demands of society make you get off track
43
Rogers Self Theory
self: an organized consistent set of beliefs and perceptions about yourself because of experiences -further apart ideal and real self are, the more problems you have
44
Real Self
how we really are
45
Ideal Self
what we think society wants us to be
46
Self Actualization (fully functioning)
real and ideal self have combined
47
Self Concept
overall view of our abilities, behavior, and personality (what we know about ourselves) -if we are well adjested we can adapt by modifying our self concept
48
Self Esteem
part of self concept - how you evaluate yourself
49
Unconditional Positive Regard
love and accept people around you unconditionally
50
Behavioral Theory of Personality
Skinner believed behavior is personality, environment and experienced reinforcement shape who we become -you change someones environment you change their personality
51
Personal Construct Theory
George Kelly - bipolar categories help us categorize and interpret the world -happy/mad, energetic/lazy, selfish/generous -pattern of personal constructs determines out personality
52
People who use too few categories
stereotype
53
People who use too many categories
have difficulty predicting behavior
54
Albert Bandura
reciprocal determinism: characteristics of the person, the persons behavior, and the environment -change one and the others get changed too
55
Person
your personality, how you think, how in control of emotions are you
56
Persons Behavior
nature, frequency, and intensity of actions
57
Environment
stimuli from social or physical environment and reinforcement
58
Self Efficacy
belief that we can preform behaviors that are necessary to accomplish tasks; perssitent, confident -affects risk-taking and trying new things -can be high in one area and low in another
59
Collective Efficacy
group based, group will achieve desired outcome
60
Collectivism
primary identification of an individual as a member of a group, goals of a group as one's own goals
61
High Self Efficacy
North America, Western Europe
62
High Collective Efficacy
Asian Societies
63
Julian Rotter
locus of control: our life is a result of our own behavior or personal characteristics or function of luck and fate (control over your own life)
64
Internal Locus of Control
you are in control, hardwork is rewarded
65
External Locus of Control
everything is based on fate, luck, others
66
The Big Five - Extraversion
outgoing/energetic, group seeking vs. solitary, reserved, alone
67
The Big Five - Agreeableness
how trustworthy are you of others (suspicious and detached or friendly and compassionate)
68
The Big Five - Conscientiousness
efficient, organized, in control vs. easy going, crazy, flexible
69
The Big Five - Neuroticism
emotional stability (anxiety, depression, self consciousness vs. secure, confident, stable
70
The Big Five - Openness to Experience
risk taking and curious/adventurous vs. cautious
71
Behavioral Signatures
consistent ways of responding in similar situations
72
Trait
relatively permanent characteristic of our personality that can be used to predict our behavior
73
Gordon Allport
proposed 3 levels of traits -Cardinal Trait: personality trait that dominates your personality -Central Trait: general characteristic, average person has 5-10 -Secondary Trait: only happens in certain situations (phobias)
74
Hans Eysenck
factor analysis: tried to classify traits with actions (criminals)
75
Neuroticism
stability, in control of emotions, calm level headed vs. hot headed
76
Psychoticism
how insensitive or empathetic you are (empathy vs apathy)
77
Assessment
techniques: how you collect data, interviews, observations
78
Structured Interview
series of planned questions ask a bunch of people the same questions (verbal and non verbal)
79
Unstructured Interview
pretty much a conversation, guided by the answerer
80
Direct Observation
creeping
81
Behavioral Assessment
frequency of specific behaviors
82
Projection
defense mechanisms used to cope with difficult feelings or emotions
83
Projective Personality Test
present inkblots/pictures, reveal unconscious mind (psychoanalytic)
84
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
believe you will an internal psychological state onto an external; peoples stories would reveal themselves (sex, power, achievement)
85
Self Report Method
fill out a questionnaire, most common assessment
86
MMPI-2
most widely used self report instrument -567 true/false questions that reveal things about your personality
87
Barnum Effect
how gullible we are when taking personality tests, behaviorists would reject ALL personality tests; you need to watch and observe their behavior

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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