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AP Psych Final Review > Therapy (5-7%) > Flashcards

Therapy (5-7%) Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Treatments

A

medications (biological)
-most widely used

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2
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard Goal

A

sharing that permits the client’s inner strength and qualities to surface so that personal growth can occur

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3
Q

Exposure Therapies

A

systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling

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4
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy

A

actions, beliefs, consequences (ABC’s)
Albert Ellis (confrontational)

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5
Q

Anxiolytics

A

sometimes called tranquilizers increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA where arousal is too high

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6
Q

Trephining

A

cutting holes in skull to release evil spirits that caused behavior

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7
Q

Who believed disorders were caused by biological factors?

A

Hippocrates and Galen

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8
Q

During the Renaissance

A

insane asylums were formed; no better than prisons

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9
Q

Dorothea Dix and Phillipe Pinel

A

promoted state mental hospitals in the U.S.

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10
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

development of drugs that could moderate the effects of disorders
-was intended to save money as well as benefit the patient
-today’s homeless population is mostly schizophrenic without medications
-people who were stable were released to help overcrowding

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11
Q

Psychotherapy

A

verbal interaction
-psychoanalysis, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive all believe in psychotherapy

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis v Psychodynamic

A

psychoanalysis- strictly adheres to Freud
psychodynamic- agrees about unconscious mind and its role but have significantly modified original theory especially dealing with sex

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13
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

excessive or inadequate use of defense mechanisms caused by unconscious conflicts cause disorders
-must identify the underlying cause of the problem

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14
Q

Catharsis

A

a release of emotional tension after remembering or relieving an emotionally charged experience from the past

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15
Q

Techniques in Psychoanalysis

A

free association, resistance, dream interpretation, transference

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16
Q

Analysis of Free Association

A

process by which therapist interprets the underlying meaning of the clients uncensored reports of anything that comes to mind

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17
Q

Analysis of Resistance

A

therapist interprets client behaviors that interfere with therapeutic progress
stronger disagreement=source of problem

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18
Q

Analysis of Dreams

A

therapist interprets the symbolic manifest content of dreams to reveal their true, latent content
manifest- actual story line
latent- underlying meaning

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19
Q

Analysis of Transference

A

therapist interprets the feelings expressed by the client toward the therapist as indicative of feelings toward important people in life
-parents

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20
Q

Humanistic Goal

A

help understand and accept themselves and strive toward self actualization

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21
Q

Humanistic Belief

A

people are innately good and also possess free will meaning they are capable of controlling their own destinies

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22
Q

Determinism

A

believes life is predetermined by forces outside of control

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23
Q

Humanistic Cause of Behavior

A

problems arise because the clients inherent goodness and potential to grow emotionally have been stifled by external psychosocial constraints

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24
Q

Client Centered Theory

A

Carl Rogers believed he could help people resolve their own problems rather than depending on the direct advice of someone else
-his role was to simply listen as the patient talked their own way through the problem
-he would rephrase, ask for clarification
-did not offer diagnosis or interpretation

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25
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person regardless of what they do or say

26
Q

Empathy

A

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another

27
Q

Carl Rogers

A

the greater the difference between the ideal self and the real self, the greater the problems of the clients

28
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

goal is to push clients to decide whether they will allow past conflicts to control their future or whether they will choose right now to take control of their own destiny

29
Q

Behavioral Cause of Behavior

A

abnormal behavior is the result of maladaptive behavior learned through faulty rewards and punishments

30
Q

Behavioral Goal

A

extinguish unwanted behavior and replace it with more adaptive behavior

31
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

used to treat phobias
first step- client is taught how to relax
second step- create an anxiety hierarchy of all associated fears from least feared to most feared
third step- therapist has client imagine each of the fearful associations
-takes a really long time

32
Q

Flooding

A

technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response

33
Q

Modeling

A

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
-social phobias

34
Q

Aversive Conditioning

A

a classical conditioning technique that trains the client to associate physical or psychological discomfort with behaviors, thoughts or situations he/she wants to avoid

35
Q

Counter Conditioning

A

unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one

36
Q

Behavior Modification

A

client selects a goal and with each step toward it receives
a small reward until goal is reached
-token economy

37
Q

Social Skills Training

A

modeling, behavioral rehearsal, shaping
helps social phobias

38
Q

Shaping

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

39
Q

Biofeedback Training

A

therapist monitors how well an individual can change anxiety- related responses such as heart rate and muscle tension

40
Q

Cognitive Causes of Abnormal Behavior

A

faulty thought patterns

41
Q

Cognitive Goal

A

cognitive restructuring; turning the faulty disordered thoughts into more realistic thoughts

42
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy Goal

A

by defeating these beliefs, the client may see how truly absurd they were

43
Q

Cognitive Triad

A

Aaron Beck
-looks at what a person thinks about his self, his world, and his future
-depressed individuals think negatively

44
Q

Cognitive Triad Goal

A

is to rid an individual of his or her internal negative thought processes

45
Q

Cognitive Distortion

A

we tend to magnify bad things and filter out positive things in any given situation

46
Q

Group Therapy

A

often more helpful because it allows the client to see that others have similar problems
AA, marriage, family
outlet to share individual experience

47
Q

Biological Cause of Abnormal Behavior

A

neurochemical or hormonal imbalances; abnormal brain structures or genetics

48
Q

Biological Treatment

A

medication (psychotropics)
electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery

49
Q

Therapuetic Window

A

amount of a drug that it is enough but not too much

50
Q

GABA

A

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

51
Q

Valium and Xanax

A

increases levels of GABA which is used for anti-anxiety medications inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin

52
Q

Antidepressants

A

serotonin and norepinephrine are made more available
-prozac

53
Q

Psychostimulants

A

(ADHD) increase motivation and dull central nervous system (distractions)
-ritalin

54
Q

Neuroleptics/Antipsychotics

A

reduce tension, decrease hallucinations and delusions, improved social behavior and better sleep
-thorazine

55
Q

Light Therapy

A

used to treat seasonal affective disorder

56
Q

Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy (ECT)

A

is used as last resort
-bilateral and unilateral hemispheres
-suicidal depression

57
Q

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

A

magnetic

58
Q

Psychosurgery

A

removal of brain tissue
-1935-1955 most modern psychosurgery the prefrontal lobotomy which cuts the main neural tracts connecting lower brain regions to the frontal lobe
-most were left emotionless

59
Q

Severe Epilepsy

A

The surgical procedure of cutting the corpus callosum is done in cases

60
Q

Psychiatrist

A

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders using medications
-PH.D

61
Q

Counseling/Psychotherapists

A

focus on marriage or family

AP Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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