Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and different locations

Question 2

Psychodynamic Theory of Personality

Answer 2

Personality is shaped by the unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires and past memories; driven by libido and death instinct

Question 3

Libido

Answer 3

The motivation for growth, survival, and pleasure

Question 4

Death instinct

Answer 4

Driving force for aggression fuelled by the unconscious wish to die

Question 5

Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

Answer 5

Part of the psychodynamic perspective; personality is constructed by the interactions of the id, ego, and superego. They all interact with each other to make personality

Question 6

Id

Answer 6

All of the basic, primal urges to survive and reproduce; operates on the pleasure principle (immediate gratification); entirely unconscious

Question 7

Pleasure principle

Answer 7

The aim is to achieve gratification to relieve tension; wish fulfillment occurs through mental imagery

Question 8

Ego (Freud)

Answer 8

Operates on the reality principle – postpones pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained (long term gratification); it receives its power from the id

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

The moral conscience; advocates for what is morally correct to do

Question 10

Freudian Slip

Answer 10

A manifestation of a mental conflict between the id, ego, and superego that provides a window to the unconscious

Question 11

Freudian Preconscious

Answer 11

Thought and cognition that we are not currently aware of

Question 12

Freudian Unconscious

Answer 12

Thought and cognition that has been repressed

Question 13

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 13

The ego’s toolbox for relieving tension between the id and the superego

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

A defense mechanism – unconsciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

Question 15

Suppression

Answer 15

A defense mechanism – consciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

Question 16

Regression

Answer 16

A defense mechanism – reverting back to an earlier stage of Freudian development

Question 17

Reaction Formation

Answer 17

A defense mechanism – transforming an unacceptable impulse into its opposite

Question 18

Projection

Answer 18

A defense mechanism – attributing wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions onto someone or something else

Question 19

Rationalization

Answer 19

A defense mechanism – Justifying actions, behaviors, or beliefs

Question 20

Displacement

Answer 20

A defense mechanism – targetting your emotions onto someone or something else

Question 21

Sublimation

Answer 21

A defense mechanism – transforming the unacceptable impulse into something more acceptable

Question 22

Personal Unconscious

Answer 22

Carl Jung’s idea of Freud’s unconscious

Question 23

Collective Unconscious

Answer 23

A residue of experiences from our ancestors shared by all humans

Question 24

Archetype

Answer 24

Jung’s idea of images containing emotional elements

Question 25

Persona

Answer 25

An archetype of the personality that we present to the world

Question 26

Anima

Answer 26

Inappropriate feminine behaviors in males

Question 27

Animus

Answer 27

Inappropriate masculine behaviors in females

Question 28

Shadow archetype

Answer 28

The appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts

Question 29

Self

Answer 29

The point of intersection between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious mind

Question 30

Jung's Three Dichotomies of Personality

Answer 30

Extraversion vs introversion Sensing vs intuiting Thinking vs Feeling

Question 31

Inferiority Complex

Answer 31

The sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority

Question 32

Creative Self

Answer 32

The force by which each person shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality

Question 33

Style of Life

Answer 33

Manifestation of creative self

Question 34

Fictional Finalism

Answer 34

Individuals are motivated by expectations of the future more than expectations of the past

Question 35

Object Relations Theory of Personality

Answer 35

The representation of parents and other caregivers based on experiences in early infance impact interactions with others into adulthood and affect personality

Question 36

Humanistic Theory of Personality

Answer 36

Humans are instinctively good and are all striving towards self-actualization; everyone has free will; focus on the conscious elements of personality as one strives for self-actualization and not the individual behaviors

Question 37

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 37

Taking a look at the holistic self during therapy

Question 38

Carl Roger's Humanistic Theory of Personality

Answer 38

Growth towards self-actualization is nurtured when the individual is genuine and accepted (unconditional positive regard); there must be congruency between self-concept and actions

Question 39

Self Concept

Answer 39

A central point of Humanism Theory of Personality; the ideas and beliefs regarding one's self

Question 40

Biological Theory of Personality

Answer 40

Major components of our personality are determined biologically or inherited through genes; dispositional approach

Question 41

Behaviorist Theory of Personality

Answer 41

Personality is the result of learned experiences from the environment. It is entirely deterministic; thoughts and feelings do not affect anything. It focuses on observable behaviors

Question 42

Trait Theory of Personality

Answer 42

A trait is a stable tendency or pattern towards a consistent behavior. These traits define our behavior

Question 43

PEN Model Trait Theory of Personality

Answer 43

Three overarching traits: psychoticism (nonconformity), extraversion, and neuroticism (emotional arousal under stress)

Question 44

Big Five Model of Personality

Answer 44

Five traits of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 45

Factor Analysis

Answer 45

Statistical method to categorize personality into traits

Question 46

Cardinal traits

Answer 46

Traits around which a person organizes their life (Gordon Allport)

Question 47

Central traits

Answer 47

Major characteristics that are easy to infer

Question 48

Secondary traits

Answer 48

Characteristics that are limited in expression to certain situations

Question 49

Functional Autonomy

Answer 49

A behavior can continue despite satisfaction of the original drive that caused that behavior

Question 50

Observational Learning

Answer 50

We learn from the experience of others and shape our personality from there; supported by mirror neurons

Question 51

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 51

Our behavior is shaped by our environment and how we interact with it as well

Question 52

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 52

Our thoughts, feelings, behavior, and environment all interact to determine our actions in a given situation

Question 53

Learning-Performing Distinction

Answer 53

One can learn a behavior without performing it

Question 54

Type Theory

Answer 54

Personalities can be divided into general types; Type A is compulsive and aggressive, while Type B is relaxed and laid-back