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MCAT Psych/Soc > Self Identity > Flashcards

Self Identity Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Self-Concept

A

How someone thinks about/evaluates/perceives themselves

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2
Q

Self-Schema

A

A self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

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3
Q

Identity

A

The individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

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4
Q

Existential Self

A

A component of self-concept that is the sense of being separate and unique from others

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5
Q

Categorical self

A

A component of self-concept where we realize that we exist in a world with other people; these entities have characteristcs

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6
Q

Self-Discrepancy Theory of Identity

A

The Humanism Theory of Identity; we maintain three selves: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self.

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7
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

The self-concept has two parts – personal identity and social identity. We categorize ourselves and others, then identify with a group, and compare ourselves to other groups

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8
Q

Personal Identity

A

Part of the Social Identity Theory; the things unique to each person

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9
Q

Social Identity

A

Part of the Social Identity Theory; the things belonging to the groups you belong to (or the summation of the groups you belong to)

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10
Q

Self-Esteem

A

The respect and regard one has for their own self

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11
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Belief in one’s abilities to succeed in a given situation. Can be strong or weak

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12
Q

Strong Self-Efficacy

A

(RISE), Recover from failure, Interested in activities, Strong commitment, and Enjoy challenging tasks

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13
Q

Weak Self-Efficacy

A

(FALL), Focus on Failure, Avoid challenging tasks, Lose confidence, and Lack ability to take on challenging tasks

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14
Q

Factors of Self-Efficacy

A

Mastery of experience, social modeling, social persuasion, psychological response to stress

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15
Q

Gender Identity

A

A person’s appraisal of themself on a scale of masculinity and femininity

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16
Q

Androgyny

A

The state of being very masculine and very feminine

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17
Q

Undifferentiated

A

The state of being not so masculine and not so feminine

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18
Q

Gender Schema

A

Key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

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19
Q

Ethnic Identity

A

Ethnic group, where members share ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

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20
Q

Nationality

A

Identity based on political borders

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21
Q

Hierarchy of Salience

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A

We let the situation dictate which identity holds the most important for us

22
Q

Psychosexual Theory of Identity and Personality Development

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A

By Freud; everything is determined at childhood

Oral (0-1), anal (1-2), phallic (3-6), latent (6-puberty), genital (puberty onwards)

23
Q

Fixation

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A

Freud’s idea of the libido being fixated on a certain stage.
Oral: becomes dependent and aggressive
Anal: becomes super orderly or super messy
Phallic: sexual dysfunction
Latent: no libido energy at this stage
Genital: healthy, normal heterosexual relationship

24
Q

Oedipus Complex

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A

Part of the phallic stage; there is a sexual attraction for the parent of the opposite sex

25
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
``` Crisis at each stage of development that must be resolved; there is room for growth at all stages Trust vs Mistrust (0-1) Autonomy vs Shame (1-2) Inititative vs Guilt (3-5) Industry vs Inferiority (6-12) Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18) Intimacy vs Isolation (18-40) Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65) Integrity vs Despair (65+) ```
26
Trust vs Mistrust
First of Erikson's stages (0-1 years); virtue is hope; negative outcome is fear and suspicion
27
Autonomy vs Shame
Second of Erikson's stages (1-2 years); virtue is will; negative outcome is shame
28
Initiative vs Guilt
Third of Erikson's stages (3-5 years); virtue is purpose; negative outcome is inadequacy
29
Industry vs Inferiority
Fourth of Erikson's stages (6-12 years); virtue is competence; negative outcome is inferiority
30
Identity vs Role Confusion
Fifth of Erikson's stages (12-18 years); virtue is fidelity; negative outcome is rebellion
31
Intimacy vs Isolation
Sixth of Erikson's stages (18-40 years); virtue is love; negative outcome is isolation and sadness
32
Generativity vs Stagnation
Seventh of Erikson's stages (40-65 years); virtue is care; negative outcome is unproductiveness
33
Integrity vs Despair
Eighth of Erikson's stages (65+ years); virtue is wisdom; negative outcome is dissatisfaction
34
Vygotsky Theory of Sociocultural Development
Social interactions and internalization of culture play a role in the development of cognition; there are four elementary mental functions (AMPS - attention, memory, perception, sensation) that can develop into higher mental functions (independent learning and thinking)
35
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
Part of Vygotsky's theory; a person with a better understanding than the learner regarding the task or material at hand. Communication with the MKO is necessary for the development of higher mental functions
36
Zone of Proximal Development
The range of skills and abilities that are in the process of development into higher mental functions; most sensitive guidance should be given
37
Vygotsky Theory of Language
Part of his general theory on Sociocultural Development; language is built off of social interactions, which then influences thoughts and cognition
38
Kholberg's Moral Development
Three Phases of moral development Preconventional: emphasis on the consequences of moral choice Conventional: impact on others; understanding and acceptance of social rules Post-conventional: higher moral reasoning
39
Obedience Stage of Moral Development
First stage of Kholberg's phases; part of preconventional | Reasoning is based on physical consequences of actions
40
Self-interest Stage of Moral Development
Second stage of Kholberg's phases; part of preconventional | Reasoning is based on gaining rewards
41
Conformity Stage of Moral Development
Third stage of Kholberg's phases; part of conventional | Authority is internalized, and individuals seek to gain acceptance and avoid disapproval ("good girl/bad girl")
42
Law and Order Stage of Moral Development
Fourth stage of Kholberg's phases; part of conventional | Maintaining social order in the highest regard by following the rules
43
Social Contract Stage of Moral Development
Fifth stage of Kholberg's phases; part of post-conventional Rules and laws exist for the greater good, but there are times where the law works agains the interest of particular poeple
44
Universal Human Ethics Stage of Moral Development
Sixth stage of Kholberg's phases; part of post-conventional Decisions are made in the context of abstract principles, so people make their own set of principles and guidelines that apply to everyone Promoting the social welfare
45
Roles
Expectations of position and identity that define what we do and who we are
46
Reference Groups
A group that one compares/evaluates themselves to
47
Theory of Mind
The ability to sense how another's mind works
48
Looking-glass Self
A person's sense of self develops from interpersonal interactions; reacting to how other people perceive and judge us
49
Social Behaviorism
The mind and the self emerge through the process of interactions with others in three stages 1. Preparatory stage: imitation; towards the end of this stage, there is the use of symbols 2. Play stage: role-playing, mentally assuming the perspective of others. The individual is more aware of social relationships 3. Game stage: Understanding the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of the generalized other (society); understanding that a person can hold multiple roles; understanding that other people have perceptions of themself
50
"Me"
The social self; how the individual believes that the "generalized other" perceives it; the response to the environment
51
"I"
The response to the "Me"; the creative expression of the individual
52
Self Verification
The tendency to seek out and agree with information that reaffirms ones self-concept

MCAT Psych/Soc (31 decks)

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