Personality, Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Who popularised personality psychology? Who is the father of personality psychology ?
give year
A
Gordon Allport in 1927
2
Q
William sheldon type theory personality , and year
A
1930s
Endomorph (viscerotonic)
Mesomorph (somatotonic)
Ectomorph (Cereberotonc)
3
Q
Topographical model of freud
A
Concious, unconcious and preconcious
4
Q
Birthday of frued
A
6 may 1856
4
Q
How do you bring unconcious to concious
A
Therapy using free association and dream analysis
5
Q
Id, ego and superego based on topographical model
A
Id- unconcious
ego- concious and preconscious
superego- preconcious and unconcious
6
Q
Types of instincts according to freud
A
Innate eros and thanatos
7
Q
Principles of id, ego and superego
A
pleasure, reality, and morality
8
Q
Id and ego thinking processes
A
Primary and secondary process
9
Q
Id, ego, superego developmemt
A
01-1 (oral), 1-3 (anal), 3-6 (phallic)
10
Q
Superego parts
A
ego ideal and conscience
11
Q
which is the animilastic part of personality
A
id
12
Q
Anxiety types
According to frued
A
Neurotic anxiety
Realistic anxiety
Moral anxiety
13
Q
What kind of defence mechanisms usage is healthy? who controls defence mechanisms? when does this become unhealthy
A
spontaneous
ego
Unhealthy: used for prolonged time, one defence mechanism over the other
14
Q
repression’s other name and types
A
motivated forgetting
Types: primal repression, repression proper
15
Q
grapes are sour mechanism, silver lining
A
“silver lining” (finding positive aspects in negative situations) and “sour grapes” (devaluing something unattainable)- Rationalisation
15
Q
Outright refusal to accept an event that is seen by everyone else
A
denial
16
Q
Acting opposite to desires unconciously because the desire is unacceptable
A
Reaction Formation
17
Q
Transferring ownership of an unacceptable desire on someone else
A
projection
17
Q
Diverting impulses to a more acceptable, weaker target
A
Displacement
18
Q
Channeling one’s unacceptable desires into acceptable behaviors
A
Sublimation
19
Q
Reverting ways to responding in a manner which was once acceptable
A
Regression
20
Q
Enhancing self-image through alliance with others
A
Identification
21
Q
Focussing on abstract parts instead of pressing troubled aspects
A
Intellectualisation
22
Prioritising by conciously not focussing on distressing situation
suppresion
23
mature, concsious defence mechanism
Suprresion
24
Mature, uncocnisous defence mechanism
Sublimation
25
Freud's defence mechanism
Repression, displacement, projection (rdp)
26
Psychic determinism
everything has a cause rooted in past, personality development occurs early in life
27
Psychoanalysis force year
1900
28
How do freud and neo fruedians differ
frued-unconcious is the primary structure controlling personality, others differ they are called psychodynamic school
29
What is basic anxiety according to karen horney? How is it resolved?
Basic anxiety occurs knowing dependence on parents and fear that needs will not be met. Responsive parents resolve the basic anxiety
30
What happens if basic anxiety is not resolved?
It turns to basic hostility
31
What are neurotic needs associated with compliant personality type
- need for affection
- need for a dominant partner
32
What are neurotic needs associated with aggresive personality type
- epxloit others
-prestige
-achievement
-admiration
- power
33
What are neurotic needs associated with detached personality type
- narrow limits to life
- perfectionism
- independence
34
Theories of personality supporting determinism
Freud , horney, Eyesneck (biological determinism)
35
Individual psychology was given by
Alfred adler
36
What are two kinds of inferiority? which is healthy?
| Adler
organ inferiority
secondary inferiority
organ inferiority is healthy
37
What is externalisation?
projection of hostility by aggressive personality on others
38
When does secondary inferiority occur?
when the parents have failed to support compensation
overprotective parents don't give opportunities
Intrusive parents are too critical
39
What is fictional finalism when does it develop?
unrealistic expectations that help in motivating child to achieve superiority
40
Why is compensation important?
It helps in achieving style of life
41
What is teleology?
Every behavior has a motive/purpose
42
What is masculine protest?
girl imitating boy's behavior if boy is preffered in the environment
43
What are 4 styles of life? tell balanced and unbalanced personalities
Unbalanced
-dominant
-giving
-avoiding
balanced
-socially useful type
44
what are the component of interactionist perspective?
| who gave it
Behavior , Person and Environment
| bandura
45
Non deterministic theories
Adler, humanistic psychology, existential, gordon allport, Kelly
46
Which theory explains present orientation instead of past
humanism, existentialism
47
Characteristics of child receiving unconditioned positive regards from parents
-Congruence between real and ideal self
-Changing ideal self if unattained
-development of organismic valuing process
48
How is child development affected due to conditions of worth?
-incongruence between real and ideal self
-unchanging ideal self if unattained
-ideal self is based on conditions of worth
-unable to make decisions and take responsibility
49
How do you therapeutically help incongruent people? What are the characteristics of a good therapist?
-Therapist congruence can provide unconditioned positive regard and help in evoking congruence in the person
-unconditioned positive regard
empathy
authenticity
50
Charecterstics of a fully functioning/ emerging person of carl rogers
increased openness and creativity, decreased agreableness, increased trust, freedom of choice, existential living, spontaneous needs
51
Who gave analytical psychology? Nature of determinism
Carl Jung
Partially deterministic
52
What was the source of personality according to Jung? What controls the personality by lying in centre of conciousness?
Psychic Energy
Ego or the concious
53
Structures of personality by Jung
Ego, Personal Unconscious with memories with losing intensity, collective unconscious/ collective unconscious motifs/ shared memory and patterns with archetypes
54
What are archetypes and its other names? What are some important archetypes?
Images, dominants, primordial images which are our psychic inheritance
-Anima
-Animus
-Shadow
-Persona (compromise between our needs and society's demands)
-Self/ Syzygy/Mandala
55
What is a complex? Give an example of complex Jung gave?
An emotionally charged and overpowering archetypes moving from collective unconscious to personal unconscious
- electra complex
56
What are three laws governing psychic energy distribution?
-equivalence
-entropy
-opposites
56
What were the attitudes and functions given by Carl Jung?
Introversion-extroversion
Thinking-feeling
sensing-intuitive
57
Proponents of Existentialism
Rollo May
58
Major foundation of existentialism
Life promises meaning but not happiness
Anxiety is a constant
59
What is Daesin
Being in the world
unvelt
mitwelt
Eigenwelt
Uberwelt
60
Types of existential Anxiety
Realistic vs neurotic anxiety
61
Explain personality development through existential school of thought
1. Innocence: Psychological and physical dependence
2. Rebellion
3. Ordinary consciousness
4. Creative consciousness
62
What is a trait?
A relatively stable pattern of behavior
63
How did gordon allport describe personality?
- The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment
- personality is made of traits
64
Which is the only idiographic trait theory?
Gordon Allport
65
When did Gordon allport gave his trait theory approach?
1937
66
What was the contribution of Odbert and Allport
4000 dictionary trait words -> 1800 words which in unique proportions and degress combine to form a person unique from each other
67
According to Allport, how many types of traits are present? Which are relatively stable and which aren't ?
Relatively Stable
- Cardinal Trait (1)
- Central Trait (5-10)
Situation Specific
- Secondary Trait
68
Personality Development according to Gordon Allport
Children rely on instincts and habits, Adults have freedom and thus have functional autonomy. Adult personality is different than children personality
69
Two kinds of functional autonomy
1. Persevaritive ( doing things for survival)
2. Propriate autonomy (proporiate striving)- doing things for enhancing self esteem
70
How does development of Proprium occur?
1 bodily self
2 self identity
3 Self esteem
By age 6
4 Self as an extension
5 Self image
Age 6-12
6 Self as a rational coper
7 Propriate striving
71
What theory is future oriented?
Allport's functional autonomous person
72
Contribution of Catell
1800-> 16 traits (Soruce factors)
73
Types of traits
1. Common Traits
2. Unique traits
3. Ability Traits (crystallised and fluid intelligence)
4. Temperamental Traits
5. Constitutional Traits
6. Dynamic Traits (Ergs, sentiments, and attitude- organic/dynamic lattice)
7. Surface traits- unstable
8. Source traits - stable, single elements
9. Environmental Mold traits
74
What forms personality?
| Catell
Organic/dynamic lattice- Ergs- biological drive,
sentiments- learned drives
attitude- how we would approach the task
75
How many ergs do we have?
11
76
Characteristics of factor analysis
Oblique rotations
MAVA (multiple abstract variance analysis)- type of correlation analysis find heritability
77
16 PF
Factor A: Warmth
Reserved ↔ Outgoing
Factor B: Reasoning
Less Intelligent ↔ More Intelligent
Factor C: Emotional Stability
Affected by feelings ↔ Emotionally stable
Factor E: Dominance
Humble ↔ Assertive
Factor F: Liveliness
Sober ↔ Happy-go-lucky
Factor G: Rule Consciousness
Expedient ↔ Conscientious
Factor H: Social Boldness
Shy ↔ Venturesome
Factor I: Sensitivity
Tough-minded ↔ Tender-minded
Factor L: Vigilance
Trusting ↔ Suspicious
Factor M: Abstractedness
Practical ↔ Imaginative
Factor N: Privateness
Straightforward ↔ Shrewd
Factor O: Apprehension
Self-Assured ↔ Apprehensive
Factor Q1: Openness to Change
Conservative ↔ Experimenting
Factor Q2: Self-Reliance
Group-dependent ↔ Self-sufficient
Factor Q3: Perfectionism
Self-conflict ↔ Self-control
Factor Q4: Tension
Relaxed ↔ Tense
78
Hans Eyesneck's contribution in his Trait type theory
16pf -> 3 superfactors (types containing traits)
Psychoticism vs Impulse control
Neuroticism vs emotional stablity
extroversion vs introversion
79
Which superfactor got added later in PEN model? What is it especially correlated with?
After maudsley mental health institute experience, P factor was added later
- creativity
80
How did Eyesneck explain the behavioral differences of an introvert and an extrovert?
Introvert has higher cortical arousal and seek less sitmulation for environment
Extrovert has lower cortical arousal seek stimulation through interaction with the enviornment
81
What is the hierarchy in personality structures according to Eyesneck
Type -> traits -> habit -> S-R response
82
Traits associated with PEN
Psychoticism (P)
Aggressiveness, Coldness, Egocentricity, Impulsiveness,
Antisocial tendencies,
Creativity, Tough-mindedness
2. Extraversion (E): Sociability,
Liveliness, Activity, Assertiveness,
Sensation-seeking,
Carefreeness, Venturesome
Dominance
3. Neuroticism (N)
Anxiety, Depression, Guilt feelings, Low self-esteem, Moodiness, Emotional instability, Tension
83
BIG 5 Personality given by
Goldberg
- McCosta and Crae
84
BIG 5
each factor, how many facets?
OCEAN
O positively correlated with creativity
A negatively correlated with creativity
5 factors-> 6 facets total:30
85
Personal construct theory is by
Kelly
86
What is the basis of personality
| kelly
Behaviors determined by schemas or constructs which can be changed with experience. Humans are naive scientists who try making hypothesis and test it
87
What are corollaries?
features of construct
1. construction (through prediction)
2. Individuality
3. Organisation
4. Dichotomy
5. Choice (Alternative constructivism) - choosing what predicts our life best
6. Range
7. Experience
8. Modulation
9. Fragmentation (inconsistency in sub constructs under overall cosntruct)
10. commonality
11. Sociality
C (SEE) DC , In CS FOR rEM
